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Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Book of Exodus

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of divided by 4

Four centers in divided in four structures are "The LORD's Mercy for Israel" (no. 7, Ex. 2:23-25), "Directions for the Passover" (no. 19, Ex. 12:42-51), "Amalek Attacks Israel and Is Defeated" (no. 31, Ex. 17:8-16), and "The LORD goes with Israelites" (no. 43, Ex. 33:12-17). Those have common theme of the mercy of the LORD who is with Israel.
The division points of the four-division structure are "Moses and Aaron obey Commands of God" (no. 13, Ex. 6: 28-7: 7) and "The Pursuers Drowned" (no. 25, Ex. 14: 19-31). ), "The Book of the Covenant" (no. 37, Ex. 20: 22-23: 33). These divisions relate to the Lord's command and the theme of salvation. Therefore, it is considered that as a whole the structure emphasizes that the Lord is merciful to those who keep the command of the Lord.


4-1

1 Introduction (1:1-7)
  2 Construction of Cities (1:8-14)
    3 Command to Kill Boys (1:15-22)
      4 Birth and Youth of Moses (2:1-10)
        5 Moses flees to Midian (2:11-15)
          6 Marriage of Moses (2:16-22)
            7 The LORD's Mercy for Israel (2:23-25)
          8 Moses at the Burning Bush (3:1-4:17)
        9 Moses Returns to Egypt (4:18-31)
      10 Bricks without Straw (5:1-23)
    11 Israel's Deliverance Assured (6:1-12)
  12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron (6:13-27)
13 Moses and Aaron obey Commands of God (6:28-7:7)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 Introduction (1:1-7)
Twelve brothers
Brother13 Moses and Aaron obey Commands of God (6:28-7:7)
7:1and Aaron your brother shall act as your prophet.
1 Introduction (1:1-7)
1:1 These are the names of the sons of Israel who, accompanied by their households, migrated with Jacob into Egypt:
Into Egypt / out from Egypt13 Moses and Aaron obey Commands of God (6:28-7:7)
7:4Therefore I will lay my hand on Egypt and by great acts of judgment I will bring the hosts of my people, the Israelites, out of the land of Egypt
2 Construction of Cities (1:8-14)
1:12Yet the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread.
Increasing Israelites12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron (6:13-27)
Genealogy of Moses and Aaron
3 Command to Kill Boys (1:15-22)
1:17The midwives, however, feared God; they did not do as the king of Egypt had ordered them, but let the boys live.
Disobedience11 Israel's Deliverance Assured (6:1-12)
6:9But when Moses told this to the Israelites, they would not listen to him because of their dejection and hard slavery.
4 Birth and Youth of Moses (2:1-10)
When the child grew, she brought him to Pharaoh's daughter, who adopted him as her son and called him Moses; (2:10)
Pharaoh's daughter accepts / Pharaoh rejects10 Bricks without Straw (5:1-23)
Pharaoh answered, "Who is the LORD, that I should heed his plea to let Israel go? I do not know the LORD; even if I did, I would not let Israel go." (5:2)
5 Moses flees to Midian (2:11-15)
2:15 Pharaoh, too, heard of the affair and sought to put him to death. But Moses fled from him and stayed in the land of Midian.
Escaping from Egypt / Going back to Egypt9 Moses Returns to Egypt (4:18-31)
4:20 So Moses took his wife and his sons, and started back to the land of Egypt, with them riding the ass. The staff of God he carried with him.
6 Marriage of Moses (2:16-22)
2:19 They answered, "An Egyptian saved us from the interference of the shepherds. He even drew water for us and watered the flock!"(2:19)
Salvation8 Moses at the Burning Bush (3:1-4:17)
3:8 Therefore I have come down to rescue them from the hands of the Egyptians and lead them out of that land into a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey, the country of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites.(3:8)

4-1-1

1 Introduction (1:1-7)
  2 Construction of Cities (1:8-14)
    3 Command to Kill Boys (1:15-22)
      4 Birth and Youth of Moses (2:1-10)
    5 Moses flees to Midian (2:11-15)
  6 Marriage of Moses (2:16-22)
7 The LORD's Mercy for Israel (2:23-25)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 Introduction (1:1-7)
1:7 But the Israelites were fruitful and prolific. They became so numerous and strong that the land was filled with them. (1:7)
The LORD's mercy for Israel7 The LORD's Mercy for Israel (2:23-25)
2:25 He saw the Israelites and knew. . . .(2:25)
2 Construction of Cities (1:8-14)
1:11 Accordingly, taskmasters were set over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. Thus they had to build for Pharaoh the supply cities of Pithom and Raamses.(1:11)
Egyptians torture / salvation6 Marriage of Moses (2:16-22)
2:19 They answered, "An Egyptian saved us from the interference of the shepherds. He even drew water for us and watered the flock!"(2:19)
3 Command to Kill Boys (1:15-22)
1:16 "When you act as midwives for the Hebrew women and see them giving birth, if it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, she may live."
Killing Hebrew / Egyptian5 Moses flees to Midian (2:11-15)
2:12 Looking about and seeing no one, he slew the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.

4-1-2

7 The LORD's Mercy for Israel (2:23-25)
  8 Moses at the Burning Bush (3:1-4:17)
    9 Moses Returns to Egypt (4:18-31)
      10 Bricks without Straw (5:1-23)
    11 Israel's Deliverance Assured (6:1-12)
  12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron (6:13-27)
13 Moses and Aaron obey Commands of God (6:28-7:7)
Former halfRelationLatter half
7 The LORD's Mercy for Israel (2:23-25)
2:25 He saw the Israelites and knew. . . .(2:25)
The LORD's mercy for Israel13 Moses and Aaron obey Commands of God (6:28-7:7)
7:4 he will not listen to you. Therefore I will lay my hand on Egypt and by great acts of judgment I will bring the hosts of my people, the Israelites, out of the land of Egypt, (7:4)
8 Moses at the Burning Bush (3:1-4:17)
4:14Have you not your brother, Aaron the Levite?
Moses brother Aaron is also commanded by the Lord12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron (6:13-27)
6:26This is the Aaron and this the Moses to whom the LORD said, "Lead the Israelites from the land of Egypt, company by company."
9 Moses Returns to Egypt (4:18-31)
4:23Hence I tell you: Let my son go, that he may serve me. If you refuse to let him go, I warn you, I will kill your son, your first-born."
Judgement of the LORD11 Israel's Deliverance Assured (6:1-12)
6:6I will rescue you by my outstretched arm and with mighty acts of judgment.

4-2

13 Moses and Aaron obey Commands of God (6:28-7:7)
  14 Ten Miracles (7:8-10:29)
    15 Warning of the Final Plague (11:1-10)
      16 The First Passover Instituted (12:1-28)
        17 The Tenth Plague (12:29-32)
          18 The Exodus (12:33-41)
            19 Directions for the Passover (12:42-51)
          20 The Consecration of the First-born (13:1-2)
        21 The Festival of Unleavened Bread (13:3-10)
      22 The Consecration of the First-born (13:11-16)
    23 The Pillars of Cloud and Fire (13:17-22)
  24 Crossing the Red Sea (14:1-18)
25 The Pursuers Drowned (14:19-31)
Former halfRelationLatter half
13 Moses and Aaron obey Commands of God (6:28-7:7)
7:4Therefore I will lay my hand on Egypt and by great acts of judgment I will bring the hosts of my people, the Israelites, out of the land of Egypt,
Promise / fulfillment of saving25 The Pursuers Drowned (14:19-31)
14:30Thus the LORD saved Israel on that day from the power of the Egyptians. When Israel saw the Egyptians lying dead on the seashore
14 Ten Miracles (7:8-10:29)
Nine plagues
Pharaoh changes his mind24 Crossing the Red Sea (14:1-18)
14:5When it was reported to the king of Egypt that the people had fled, Pharaoh and his servants changed their minds about them.
15 Warning of the Final Plague (11:1-10)
11:1Then the LORD told Moses, "One more plague will I bring upon Pharaoh and upon Egypt. After that he will let you depart. In fact, he will not merely let you go; he will drive you away.
Pharaoh lets people go23 The Pillars of Cloud and Fire (13:17-22)
13:17Now, when Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them by way of the Philistines' land, though this was the nearest;
16 The First Passover Instituted (12:1-28)
12:12For on this same night I will go through Egypt, striking down every first--born of the land, both man and beast, and executing judgment on all the gods of Egypt-I, the LORD!
The LORD kills first-born children22 The Consecration of the First-born (13:11-16)
13:15the LORD killed every first-born in the land of Egypt, every first-born of man and of beast.
16 The First Passover Instituted (12:1-28)
12:26When your children ask you, 'What does this rite of yours mean?'
Question of children22 The Consecration of the First-born (13:11-16)
13:14If your son should ask you later on, 'What does this mean?' you shall tell him, 'With a strong hand the LORD brought us out of Egypt, that place of slavery.
17 The Tenth Plague (12:29-32)
12:29 At midnight the LORD slew every first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh on the throne to the first-born of the prisoner in the dungeon, as well as all the first-born of the animals. (12:29)
The Miracle of the LORD21 The Festival of Unleavened Bread (13:3-10)
13:3 Moses said to the people, "Remember this day on which you came out of Egypt, that place of slavery. It was with a strong hand that the LORD brought you away. Nothing made with leaven must be eaten. (13:3)
18 The Exodus (12:33-41)
12:37 The Israelites set out from Rameses for Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, not counting the children. 12:38 A crowd of mixed ancestry also went up with them, besides their livestock, very numerous flocks and herds. (12:37-38)
Human and livestock of Israel20 The Consecration of the First-born (13:1-2)
13:2 Consecrate to me every first-born that opens the womb among the Israelites, both of man and beast, for it belongs to me.

4-2-1

13 Moses and Aaron obey Commands of God (6:28-7:7)
  14 Ten Miracles (7:8-10:29)
    15 Warning of the Final Plague (11:1-10)
      16 The First Passover Instituted (12:1-28)
    17 The Tenth Plague (12:29-32)
  18 The Exodus (12:33-41)
19 Directions for the Passover (12:42-51)
Former halfRelationLatter half
13 Moses and Aaron obey Commands of God (6:28-7:7)
6:30Since I am a poor speaker,
Uncircumcised (?rl)19 Directions for the Passover (12:42-51)
12:48But no man who is uncircumcised may partake of it.
14 Ten Miracles (7:8-10:29)
10:8So Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh, who said to them, "You may go and worship the LORD, your God. But how many of you will go?" 10:9"Young and old must go with us," Moses answered, "our sons and daughters as well as our flocks and herds must accompany us. That is what a feast of the LORD means to us." 10:10"The LORD help you," Pharaoh replied, "if I ever let your little ones go with you! Clearly, you have some evil in mind. 10:11No, no! Just you men can go and worship the LORD. After all, that is what you want." With that they were driven from Pharaoh's presence.
People of departing Egypt18 The Exodus (12:33-41)
12:37The Israelites set out from Rameses for Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, not counting the children. 12:38A crowd of mixed ancestry also went up with them, besides their livestock, very numerous flocks and herds.
15 Warning of the Final Plague (11:1-10)
11:5Every first-born in this land shall die, from the first-born of Pharaoh on the throne to the first-born of the slave-girl at the handmill, as well as all the first-born of the animals.
The last plague17 The Tenth Plague (12:29-32)
12:29At midnight the LORD slew every first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh on the throne to the first-born of the prisoner in the dungeon, as well as all the first-born of the animals.

4-2-2

19 Directions for the Passover (12:42-51)
  20 The Consecration of the First-born (13:1-2)
    21 The Festival of Unleavened Bread (13:3-10)
      22 The Consecration of the First-born (13:11-16)
    23 The Pillars of Cloud and Fire (13:17-22)
  24 Crossing the Red Sea (14:1-18)
25 The Pursuers Drowned (14:19-31)
Former halfRelationLatter half
19 Directions for the Passover (12:42-51)
12:51On that same day the LORD brought the Israelites out of Egypt company by company.
The day of salvation25 The Pursuers Drowned (14:19-31)
14:30Thus the LORD saved Israel on that day from the power of the Egyptians.
20 The Consecration of the First-born (13:1-2)
13:2"Consecrate to me every first-born that opens the womb among the Israelites, both of man and beast, for it belongs to me."
Person who opens and goes through24 Crossing the Red Sea (14:1-18)
14:16And you, lift up your staff and, with hand outstretched over the sea, split the sea in two, that the Israelites may pass through it on dry land.
21 The Festival of Unleavened Bread (13:3-10)
13:3It was with a strong hand that the LORD brought you away.
The LORD leads23 The Pillars of Cloud and Fire (13:17-22)
13:21The LORD preceded them, in the daytime by means of a column of cloud to show them the way,

4-3

25 The Pursuers Drowned (14:19-31)
  26 The Song of Moses (15:1-19)
    27 The Song of Miriam (15:20-21)
      28 Bitter Water Made Sweet (15:22-27)
        29 Bread from Heaven (16:1-36)
          30 Water from the Rock (17:1-7)
            31 Amalek Attacks Israel and Is Defeated (17:8-16)
          32 Jethro's Advice (18:1-27)
        33 The Israelites Reach Mount Sinai (19:1-9)
      34 The LORD Comes Down upon Mount Sinai (19:10-19)
    35 Moses goes up to Mount Sinai (19:20-25)
  36 The Ten Commandments (20:1-21)
37 The Book of the Covenant (20:22-23:33)
Former halfRelationLatter half
25 The Pursuers Drowned (14:19-31)
14:24In the night watch just before dawn the LORD cast through the column of the fiery cloud upon the Egyptian force a glance that threw it into a panic;
Panic of enemies37 The Book of the Covenant (20:22-23:33)
23:27I will have the fear of me precede you, so that I will throw into panic every nation you reach. I will make all your enemies turn from you in flight
26 The Song of Moses (15:1-19)
15:13you guided them to your holy dwelling.
The LORD brings Israelites out of Egypt36 The Ten Commandments (20:1-21)
20:2"I, the LORD, am your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, that place of slavery.
27 The Song of Miriam (15:20-21)
15:21Sing to the LORD, for he is gloriously triumphant; horse and chariot he has cast into the sea.
The LORD strikes down35 Moses goes up to Mount Sinai (19:20-25)
19:21Go down and warn the people not to break through toward the LORD in order to see him; otherwise many of them will be struck down.
28 Bitter Water Made Sweet (15:22-27)
15:26if you heed his commandments and keep all his precepts, I will not afflict you with any of the diseases with which I afflicted the Egyptians;
Punishment34 The LORD Comes Down upon Mount Sinai (19:10-19)
19:12Set limits for the people all around the mountain, and tell them: Take care not to go up the mountain, or even to touch its base. If anyone touches the mountain, he must be put to death.
29 Bread from Heaven (16:1-36)
16:10and lo, the glory of the LORD appeared in the cloud!
The LORD is in cloud33 The Israelites Reach Mount Sinai (19:1-9)
19:9I am coming to you in a dense cloud,
30 Water from the Rock (17:1-7)
17:7Is the LORD in our midst or not?
Is the LORD in our midst or not?32 Jethro's Advice (18:1-27)
18:19God may be with you.

4-3-1

25 The Pursuers Drowned (14:19-31)
  26 The Song of Moses (15:1-19)
    27 The Song of Miriam (15:20-21)
      28 Bitter Water Made Sweet (15:22-27)
    29 Bread from Heaven (16:1-36)
  30 Water from the Rock (17:1-7)
31 Amalek Attacks Israel and Is Defeated (17:8-16)
Former halfRelationLatter half
25 The Pursuers Drowned (14:19-31)
14:25because the LORD was fighting for them against the Egyptians.
The LORD fights for Israelites31 Amalek Attacks Israel and Is Defeated (17:8-16)
17:16the LORD will war against Amalek through the centuries."
26 The Song of Moses (15:1-19)
15:11Who is like to you among the gods, O LORD?
Who / Where is the LORD?30 Water from the Rock (17:1-7)
17:7"Is the LORD in our midst or not?"
27 The Song of Miriam (15:20-21)
15:21Sing to the LORD, for he is gloriously triumphant; horse and chariot he has cast into the sea.
Glory of the LORD29 Bread from Heaven (16:1-36)
16:6At evening you will know that it was the LORD who brought you out of the land of Egypt; 16:7and in the morning you will see the glory of the LORD,

4-3-2

31 Amalek Attacks Israel and Is Defeated (17:8-16)
  32 Jethro's Advice (18:1-27)
    33 The Israelites Reach Mount Sinai (19:1-9)
      34 The LORD Comes Down upon Mount Sinai (19:10-19)
    35 Moses goes up to Mount Sinai (19:20-25)
  36 The Ten Commandments (20:1-21)
37 The Book of the Covenant (20:22-23:33)
Former halfRelationLatter half
31 Amalek Attacks Israel and Is Defeated (17:8-16)
17:14Write this down in a document as something to be remembered, and recite it in the ears of Joshua:
Writing down in a document37 The Book of the Covenant (20:22-23:33)
The book of the covenant
32 Jethro's Advice (18:1-27)
18:19Act as the people's representative before God, bringing to him whatever they have to say. 18:20Enlighten them in regard to the decisions and regulations, showing them how they are to live and what they are to do.
Moses is representative to speak to the LORD36 The Ten Commandments (20:1-21)
20:19You speak to us, and we will listen; but let not God speak to us,
33 The Israelites Reach Mount Sinai (19:1-9)
19:3Moses went up the mountain to God. Then the LORD called to him and said,
Moses speaks with the LORD in the mountain35 Moses goes up to Mount Sinai (19:20-25)
19:20When the LORD came down to the top of Mount Sinai, he summoned Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up to him.
33 The Israelites Reach Mount Sinai (19:1-9)
19:12Take care not to go up the mountain, or even to touch its base. If anyone touches the mountain, he must be put to death.
Warning of death35 Moses goes up to Mount Sinai (19:20-25)
19:21Go down and warn the people not to break through toward the LORD in order to see him; otherwise many of them will be struck down.

4-4

37 The Book of the Covenant (20:22-23:33)
  38 The Blood of the Covenant (24:1-18)
    39 The Command to Make the Tabernacle (25:1-31:12)
      40 Sabbath Regulations (31:12-18)
        41 The Golden Calf (32:1-33:6)
          42 The Tent Outside the Camp (33:7-11)
            43 The LORD goes with Israelites (33:12-17)
          44 The Glory of God (33:18-23)
        45 The Covenant Renewed (34:1-28)
      46 The shining face of Moses (34:29-35)
    47 Preparation for Constructing the Tabernacle (35:1-39:43)
  48 Construction of the Tabernacle (40:1-33)
49 The Cloud and the Glory (40:34-38)
Former halfRelationLatter half
37 The Book of the Covenant (20:22-23:33)
23:20See, I am sending an angel before you, to guard you on the way and bring you to the place I have prepared.
The LORD leads Israelites49 The Cloud and the Glory (40:34-38)
40:36Whenever the cloud rose from the Dwelling, the Israelites would set out on their journey. 40:37But if the cloud did not lift, they would not go forward; only when it lifted did they go forward.
38 The Blood of the Covenant (24:1-18)
24:5 Then, having sent certain young men of the Israelites to offer holocausts and sacrifice young bulls as peace offerings to the LORD, (24:5)
Offerings48 Construction of the Tabernacle (40:1-33)
40:29 He put the altar of holocausts in front of the entrance of the Dwelling of the meeting tent, and offered holocausts and cereal offerings on it, as the LORD had commanded him.(40:29)
39 The Command to Make the Tabernacle (25:1-31:12)
Command to make the Tabernacle
Making the Tabernacle47 Preparation for Constructing the Tabernacle (35:1-39:43)
Making the Tabernacle
40 Sabbath Regulations (31:12-18)
31:18 When the LORD had finished speaking to Moses on Mount Sinai, he gave him the two tablets of the commandments, the stone tablets inscribed by God's own finger.(31:18)
Tablets of the commandments46 The shining face of Moses (34:29-35)
34:29 As Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the commandments in his hands, he did not know that the skin of his face had become radiant while he conversed with the LORD. (34:29)
41 The Golden Calf (32:1-33:6)
33:2Driving out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites, I will send an angel before you
Driving out foreigners45 The Covenant Renewed (34:1-28)
34:11I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites.
42 The Tent Outside the Camp (33:7-11)
33:11The LORD used to speak to Moses face to face, as one man speaks to another.
Seeing the face of the LORD44 The Glory of God (33:18-23)
33:20But my face you cannot see,

4-4-1

37 The Book of the Covenant (20:22-23:33)
  38 The Blood of the Covenant (24:1-18)
    39 The Command to Make the Tabernacle (25:1-31:12)
      40 Sabbath Regulations (31:12-18)
    41 The Golden Calf (32:1-33:6)
  42 The Tent Outside the Camp (33:7-11)
43 The LORD goes with Israelites (33:12-17)
Former halfRelationLatter half
37 The Book of the Covenant (20:22-23:33)
21:1These are the rules you shall lay before them.
Showing the way43 The LORD goes with Israelites (33:12-17)
33:13Now, if I have found favor with you, do let me know your ways
38 The Blood of the Covenant (24:1-18)
24:15 After Moses had gone up, a cloud covered the mountain. (24:15)
Clouds and the presence of the LORD42 The Tent Outside the Camp (33:7-11)
33:9 As Moses entered the tent, the column of cloud would come down and stand at its entrance while the LORD spoke with Moses. (33:9)
39 The Command to Make the Tabernacle (25:1-31:12)
25:3 These are the contributions you shall accept from them: gold, silver and bronze;(25:3)
People offers golds 41 The Golden Calf (32:1-33:6)
32:3 So all the people took off their earrings and brought them to Aaron, (32:3)

4-4-2

43 The LORD goes with Israelites (33:12-17)
  44 The Glory of God (33:18-23)
    45 The Covenant Renewed (34:1-28)
      46 The shining face of Moses (34:29-35)
    47 Preparation for Constructing the Tabernacle (35:1-39:43)
  48 Construction of the Tabernacle (40:1-33)
49 The Cloud and the Glory (40:34-38)
Former halfRelationLatter half
43 The LORD goes with Israelites (33:12-17)
33:14 "I myself," the LORD answered, "will go along, to give you rest."
The LORD goes along49 The Cloud and the Glory (40:34-38)
40:36Whenever the cloud rose from the Dwelling, the Israelites would set out on their journey. 40:37But if the cloud did not lift, they would not go forward; only when it lifted did they go forward.
44 The Glory of God (33:18-23)
33:22When my glory passes I will set you in the hollow of the rock and will cover you with my hand until I have passed by.
Place for seeing the Lord 48 Construction of the Tabernacle (40:1-33)
Command to make the Tabernacle(40:1-18)
45 The Covenant Renewed (34:1-28)
34:26 "The choicest first fruits of your soil you shall bring to the house of the LORD, your God. "You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk." (34:26)
Offerings47 Preparation for Constructing the Tabernacle (35:1-39:43)
35:21 everyone, as his heart suggested and his spirit prompted, brought a contribution to the LORD for the construction of the meeting tent, for all its services, and for the sacred vestments. (35:21)

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Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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