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Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Book of Leviticus

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of whole text

The center of the Book of Leviticus is "The Day Of Atonment" (no. 13, 16:1-34). The theme is to make atonement for the people of Israel for all their sins. Therefore, it is considered that the Book of Leviticus emphasizes the center of the rituals is to make atonement.


1-1

1 Offerings (1:1-3:17)
  2 Sin Offerings (4:1-5:13)
    3 Offerings With Restitution (5:14-26)
      4 Instructions Concerning Sacrifices (6:1-7:10)
        5 Further Instructions (7:11-38)
          6 The Rites Of Ordination (8:1-36)
            7 Aaron's Priesthood Inaugurated (9:1-24)
              8 Nadab And Abihu (10:1-20)
                9 Clean And Unclean Foods, Animals (11:1-47)
                  10 Purification Of Women After Childbirth (12:1-8)
                    11 Leprosy (13:1-14:57)
                      12 Concerning Bodily Discharges (15:1-33)
                        13 The Day Of Atonement (16:1-34)
                      14 The Slaughtering Of Animals (17:1-16)
                    15 Ritual And Moral Holiness (18:1-20:27)
                  16 The Holiness Of Priests (21:1-15)
                17 Handicapped Priests (21:16-24)
              18 The Use Of Holy Offerings (22:1-16)
            19 Acceptable Offerings (22:17-33)
          20 Appointed Festivals (23:1-44)
        21 The Lamp And Bread (24:1-9)
      22 Blasphemy And Its Punishment (24:10-23)
    23 The Sabbatical Year And Jubilee (25:1-55)
  24 Obedience And Disobedience (26:1-46)
25 Votive Offerings (27:1-34)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 Offerings (1:1-3:17)
1:2When any one of you wishes to bring an animal offering to the LORD, such an offering must be from the herd or from the flock.
Animal offering to the Lord25 Votive Offerings (27:1-34)
27:9"If the offering vowed to the LORD is an animal that may be sacrificed, every such animal, when vowed to the LORD, becomes sacred.
2 Sin Offerings (4:1-5:13)
rules about sin offerings (4:1-5:13)
Sin offerings24 Obedience And Disobedience (26:1-46)
26:40"Thus they will have to confess that they and their fathers were guilty of having rebelled against me and of having defied me,
3 Offerings With Restitution (5:14-26)
5:21"If someone commits a sin of dishonesty against the LORD by denying his neighbor a deposit or a pledge for a stolen article, or by otherwise retaining his neighbor's goods unjustly, 5:22or if, having found a lost article, he denies the fact and swears falsely about it with any of the sinful oaths that men make in such cases,
Sin about cheating others23 The Sabbatical Year And Jubilee (25:1-55)
25:14Therefore, when you sell any land to your neighbor or buy any from him, do not deal unfairly.
4 Instructions Concerning Sacrifices (6:1-7:10)
6:4 Then, having taken off these garments and put on other garments, he shall carry the ashes to a clean place outside the camp. (6:4)
Being put outside the camp22 Blasphemy And Its Punishment (24:10-23)
24:23 When Moses told this to the Israelites, they took the blasphemer outside the camp and stoned him; they carried out the command that the LORD had given Moses.(24:23)
5 Further Instructions (7:11-38)
7:12When anyone makes a peace offering in thanksgiving, together with his thanksgiving sacrifice he shall offer unleavened cakes mixed with oil, unleavened wafers spread with oil, and cakes made of fine flour mixed with oil and well kneaded.
Unleavened cakes (hlh)21 The Lamp And Bread (24:1-9)
24:5"You shall take fine flour and bake it into twelve cakes, using two tenths of an ephah of flour for each cake.
6 The Rites Of Ordination (8:1-36)
8:33Moreover, you are not to depart from the entrance of the meeting tent for seven days, until the days of your ordination are completed; for your ordination is to last for seven days.
Seven days20 Appointed Festivals (23:1-44)
23:36For seven days you shall offer an oblation to the LORD,
7 Aaron's Priesthood Inaugurated (9:1-24)
9:1On the eighth day Moses summoned Aaron and his sons, together with the elders of Israel,
End of seven days19 Acceptable Offerings (22:17-33)
22:27only from the eighth day onward will it be acceptable, to be offered as an oblation to the LORD.
8 Nadab And Abihu (10:1-20)
10:1During this time Aaron's sons Nadab and Abihu took their censers and, strewing incense on the fire they had put in them, they offered up before the LORD profane fire, such as he had not authorized. 10:2 Fire therefore came forth from the LORD'S presence and consumed them, so that they died in his presence.
Death caused by priest's violation18 The Use Of Holy Offerings (22:1-16)
22;3If any one of you, or of your descendants in any future generation, dares, while he is in a state of uncleanness, to draw near the sacred offerings which the Israelites consecrate to the LORD, such a one shall be cut off from my presence.
9 Clean And Unclean Foods, Animals (11:1-47)
11:44 For I, the LORD, am your God; and you shall make and keep yourselves holy, because I am holy. You shall not make yourselves unclean, then, by any swarming creature that crawls on the ground. (11:44)
Not to blaspheme holy things17 Handicapped Priests (21:16-24)
21:23 Only, he may not approach the veil nor go up to the altar on account of his defect; he shall not profane these things that are sacred to me, for it is I, the LORD, who make them sacred." (21:23)
10 Purification Of Women After Childbirth (12:1-8)
12:2 "Tell the Israelites: When a woman has conceived and gives birth to a boy, she shall be unclean for seven days, with the same uncleanness as at her menstrual period.(12:2)
Descendants16 The Holiness Of Priests (21:1-15)
21:15 otherwise he will have base offspring among his people. I, the LORD, have made him sacred." (21:15)
11 Leprosy (13:1-14:57)
13:3the priest, on seeing this, shall declare the man unclean.
Uncleanness of illness / sin15 Ritual And Moral Holiness (18:1-20:27)
18:20You shall not have carnal relations with your neighbor's wife, defiling yourself with her.
12 Concerning Bodily Discharges (15:1-33)
15:5Anyone who touches his bed shall wash his garments, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.
Washing garments, bathing in water14 The Slaughtering Of Animals (17:1-16)
17:15shall wash his garments, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening, and then he will be clean.

1-1-1

1 Offerings (1:1-3:17)
  2 Sin Offerings (4:1-5:13)
    3 Offerings With Restitution (5:14-26)
      4 Instructions Concerning Sacrifices (6:1-7:10)
        5 Further Instructions (7:11-38)
          6 The Rites Of Ordination (8:1-36)
            7 Aaron's Priesthood Inaugurated (9:1-24)
          8 Nadab And Abihu (10:1-20)
        9 Clean And Unclean Foods, Animals (11:1-47)
      10 Purification Of Women After Childbirth (12:1-8)
    11 Leprosy (13:1-14:57)
  12 Concerning Bodily Discharges (15:1-33)
13 The Day Of Atonement (16:1-34)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 Offerings (1:1-3:17)
1:5He shall then slaughter the bull before the LORD, but Aaron's sons, the priests, shall offer up its blood by splashing it on the sides of the altar which is at the entrance of the meeting tent.
Offering up blood by splashing it on the sides of the altar13 The Day Of Atonement (16:1-34)
16:18he shall come out to the altar before the LORD and make atonement for it also. Taking some of the bullock's and the goat's blood, he shall put it on the horns around the altar,
2 Sin Offerings (4:1-5:13)
5:3or if someone, without being aware of it, touches some human uncleanness, whatever kind of uncleanness this may be, and then recognizes his guilt;
Human uncleanness12 Concerning Bodily Discharges (15:1-33)
15:2Every man who is afflicted with a chronic flow from his private parts is thereby unclean.
3 Offerings With Restitution (5:14-26)
5:15 "If someone commits a sin by inadvertently cheating in the LORD'S sacred dues, he shall bring to the LORD as his guilt offering an unblemished ram from the flock, valued at two silver shekels according to the standard of the sanctuary shekel.
Atonement / purification11 Leprosy (13:1-14:57)
14:2"This is the law for the victim of leprosy at the time of his purification.
4 Instructions Concerning Sacrifices (6:1-7:10)
6:11All the male descendants of Aaron may partake of it as their rightful share in the oblations of the LORD perpetually throughout your generations.
Rules about male10 Purification Of Women After Childbirth (12:1-8)
12:2When a woman has conceived and gives birth to a boy, she shall be unclean for seven days, with the same uncleanness as at her menstrual period.
5 Further Instructions (7:11-38)
7:21Likewise, if someone touches anything unclean, whether the uncleanness be of human or of animal origin or from some loathsome crawling creature, and then eats of a peace offering belonging to the LORD, that person, too, shall be cut off from his people."
Unclean animals9 Clean And Unclean Foods, Animals (11:1-47)
11:8Their flesh you shall not eat, and their dead bodies you shall not touch; they are unclean for you.
5 Further Instructions (7:11-38)
7:23You shall not eat the fat of any ox or sheep or goat. 7:24Although the fat of an animal that has died a natural death or has been killed by wild beasts may be put to any other use, you may not eat it.
What you should not eat9 Clean And Unclean Foods, Animals (11:1-47)
11:4But you shall not eat any of the following that only chew the cud or only have hoofs:
6 The Rites Of Ordination (8:1-36)
8:12 He also poured some of the anointing oil on Aaron's head, thus consecrating him.
Priest8 Nadab And Abihu (10:1-20)
10:1 During this time Aaron's sons Nadab and Abihu took their censers and, strewing incense on the fire they had put in them, they offered up before the LORD profane fire, such as he had not authorized. 10:2 Fire therefore came forth from the LORD'S presence and consumed them, so that they died in his presence.

1-1-2

13 The Day Of Atonement (16:1-34)
  14 The Slaughtering Of Animals (17:1-16)
    15 Ritual And Moral Holiness (18:1-20:27)
      16 The Holiness Of Priests (21:1-15)
        17 Handicapped Priests (21:16-24)
          18 The Use Of Holy Offerings (22:1-16)
            19 Acceptable Offerings (22:17-33)
          20 Appointed Festivals (23:1-44)
        21 The Lamp And Bread (24:1-9)
      22 Blasphemy And Its Punishment (24:10-23)
    23 The Sabbatical Year And Jubilee (25:1-55)
  24 Obedience And Disobedience (26:1-46)
25 Votive Offerings (27:1-34)
Former halfRelationLatter half
13 The Day Of Atonement (16:1-34)
16:8 he shall cast lots to determine which one is for the LORD and which for Azazel.
Animals for the Lord25 Votive Offerings (27:1-34)
27:32The tithes of the herd and the flock shall be determined by ceding to the LORD as sacred every tenth animal as they are counted by the herdsmans rod.
14 The Slaughtering Of Animals (17:1-16)
17:7No longer shall they offer their sacrifices to the satyrs to whom they used to render their wanton worship.
Don't kneel to idol24 Obedience And Disobedience (26:1-46)
26:1You shall not erect an idol or a sacred pillar for yourselves, nor shall you set up a stone figure for worship in your land; for I, the LORD, am your God.
15 Ritual And Moral Holiness (18:1-20:27)
19:3 Revere your mother and father, and keep my sabbaths. I, the LORD, am your God.(19:3)
Sabbath23 The Sabbatical Year And Jubilee (25:1-55)
25:2 "Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When you enter the land that I am giving you, let the land, too, keep a sabbath for the LORD. (25:2)
16 The Holiness Of Priests (21:1-15)
21:6 To their God they shall be sacred, and not profane his name; since they offer up the oblations of the LORD, the food of their God, they must be holy.(21:6)
Not to blaspheme the name of God22 Blasphemy And Its Punishment (24:10-23)
24:16 whoever blasphemes the name of the LORD shall be put to death. The whole community shall stone him; alien and native alike must be put to death for blaspheming the LORD'S name. (24:16)
17 Handicapped Priests (21:16-24)
21:23 Only, he may not approach the veil nor go up to the altar on account of his defect; he shall not profane these things that are sacred to me, for it is I, the LORD, who make them sacred." (21:23)
The veil in the meeting tent21 The Lamp And Bread (24:1-9)
24:3 In the meeting tent, outside the veil that hangs in front of the commandments, Aaron shall set up the lamps to burn before the LORD regularly, from evening till morning. Thus, by a perpetual statute for you and your descendants, (24:3)
18 The Use Of Holy Offerings (22:1-16)
22:7 then, when the sun sets, he again becomes clean. Only then may he eat of the sacred offerings, which are his food.(22:7)
Regulations about food from God20 Appointed Festivals (23:1-44)
23:22 "When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not be so thorough that you reap the field to its very edge, nor shall you glean the stray ears of your grain. These things you shall leave for the poor and the alien. I, the LORD, am your God." (23:22)

Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

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Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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