FAQ       Top  >  Literary Structure of the Bible  >  Book of Numbers  >  3

Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Book of Numbers

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of divided by 3

The divided in three structures have two divisional points "Spies sent into Canaan" (no. 17, 13:1-24) and "King Arad defeated" (no. 33, 21:1-3). Therefore, this structure would divide the story by the change of the relationship between Canaan people. Nos. 1-17 correspond to the story about arriving at Canaan, Nos. 17-33 correspond to Canaan wandering period, and Nos. 33-39 correspond to the obtaining lands at Canaan. Since the first land acquisition is not the promised land, it is a different division from the divided in four structure with the theme of the promised land.


3-1

1 The first census of Israel (1:1-47)
  2 The duties of Levites (1:48-54)
    3 The order of encampment and marching (2:1-34)
      4 The duties and census of the Levites 1 (3:1-51)
        5 The duties and census of the Levites 2 (4:1-49)
          6 Regulations for rituals and vow (5:1-6:27)
            7 Offerings of the leaders (7:1-88)
              8 Consecration and Service of the Levites (7:89-8:26)
                9 The passover at Sinai (9:1-14)
              10 The cloud and the fire (9:15-23)
            11 The silver trumpets (10:1-10)
          12 Departure from Sinai (10:11-28)
        13 Moses and Hobab (10:29-32)
      14 The ark of the covenant (10:33-36)
    15 Complaining in the Desert (11:1-35)
  16 Aaron and Miriam Jealous of Moses (12:1-16)
17 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 The first census of Israel (1:1-47)
1:4"To assist you there shall be a man from each tribe, the head of his ancestral house.
Selection of tribe's leaders17 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
13:2You shall send one man from each ancestral tribe, all of them princes."
2 The duties of Levites (1:48-54)
1:53the Levites shall camp around the Dwelling of the commandments. Otherwise Gods wrath will strike the Israelite community. The Levites, then, shall have charge of the Dwelling of the commandments."
Gods wrath16 Aaron and Miriam Jealous of Moses (12:1-16)
12:9So angry was the LORD against them that when he departed, 12:10 and the cloud withdrew from the tent,
3 The order of encampment and marching (2:1-34)
2:32This was the census of the Israelites taken by ancestral houses. The total number of those registered by companies in the camps was six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty.
Number of Israelites15 Complaining in the Desert (11:1-35)
11:21"The people around me include six hundred thousand soldiers;
4 The duties and census of the Levites 1 (3:1-51)
3:31They had charge of whatever pertained to the ark, the table, the lampstand, the altars, the utensils with which the ministry of the sanctuary was exercised, and the veil.
The ark14 The ark of the covenant (10:33-36)
10:33and the ark of the covenant of the LORD which was to seek out their resting place went the three days' journey with them.
5 The duties and census of the Levites 2 (4:1-49)
Task of each Levi clan(4:1-49)
How to camp in desert13 Moses and Hobab (10:29-32)
10:31"Please, do not leave us; you know where we can camp in the desert, and you will serve as eyes for us.
6 Regulations for rituals and vow (5:1-6:27)
6:21Thus shall he carry out the law of his dedication in keeping with the vow he has taken."
Obedience to the rules (ph)12 Departure from Sinai (10:11-28)
10:13The first time that they broke camp at the bidding of the LORD through Moses,
7 Offerings of the leaders (7:1-88)
7:3The offering they brought before the LORD consisted of six baggage wagons and twelve oxen, that is, a wagon for every two princes, and an ox for every prince. These they presented as their offering before the Dwelling.
Offering11 The silver trumpets (10:1-10)
10:10On your days of celebration, your festivals, and your new-moon feasts, you shall blow the trumpets over your holocausts and your peace offerings;
8 Consecration and Service of the Levites (7:89-8:26)
8:15"Only then shall the Levites enter upon their service in the meeting tent.
The meeting tent10 The cloud and the fire (9:15-23)
9:17Whenever the cloud rose from the tent, the Israelites would break camp; wherever the cloud came to rest, they would pitch camp.

3-1-1

1 The first census of Israel (1:1-47)
  2 The duties of Levites (1:48-54)
    3 The order of encampment and marching (2:1-34)
      4 The duties and census of the Levites 1 (3:1-51)
        5 The duties and census of the Levites 2 (4:1-49)
      6 Regulations for rituals and vow (5:1-6:27)
    7 Offerings of the leaders (7:1-88)
  8 Consecration and Service of the Levites (7:89-8:26)
9 The passover at Sinai (9:1-14)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 The first census of Israel (1:1-47)
1:1In the year following that of the Israelites' departure from the land of Egypt, on the first day of the second month,
The second month9 The passover at Sinai (9:1-14)
9:11But he shall keep it in the second month, during the evening twilight of the fourteenth day of that month, eating it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs,
2 The duties of Levites (1:48-54)
Task of each Levites(1:48-54)
Tasks of Levites8 Consecration and Service of the Levites (7:89-8:26)
8:19and I have given these dedicated Israelites to Aaron and his sons to discharge the duties of the Israelites in the meeting tent and to make atonement for them, so that no plague may strike among the Israelites should they come near the sanctuary."
3 The order of encampment and marching (2:1-34)
Arrangement of each tribe's camp (2:1-34)
Twelve tribes of Israel7 Offerings of the leaders (7:1-88)
Offerings of each tribe(7:1-88)
4 The duties and census of the Levites 1 (3:1-51)
3:3These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the anointed priests who were ordained to exercise the priesthood.
Priesthood6 Regulations for rituals and vow (5:1-6:27)
5:9Likewise, every sacred contribution that the Israelites are bound to make shall fall to the priest.

3-1-2

9 The passover at Sinai (9:1-14)
  10 The cloud and the fire (9:15-23)
    11 The silver trumpets (10:1-10)
      12 Departure from Sinai (10:11-28)
        13 Moses and Hobab (10:29-32)
      14 The ark of the covenant (10:33-36)
    15 Complaining in the Desert (11:1-35)
  16 Aaron and Miriam Jealous of Moses (12:1-16)
17 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
Former halfRelationLatter half
9 The passover at Sinai (9:1-14)
see 2-1
see 2-117 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
see 2-1
10 The cloud and the fire (9:15-23)
see 2-1
see 2-116 Aaron and Miriam Jealous of Moses (12:1-16)
see 2-1
11 The silver trumpets (10:1-10)
see 2-1
see 2-115 Complaining in the Desert (11:1-35)
see 2-1
12 Departure from Sinai (10:11-28)
see 2-1
see 2-114 The ark of the covenant (10:33-36)
see 2-1

3-2

17 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
  18 The report of the spies (13:25-33)
    19 The People Rebel (14:1-10)
      20 Sin of rebellion (14:11-35)
        21 An Attempted Invasion is Repulsed (14:36-45)
          22 Sin offerings (15:1-31)
            23 Penalty for violating the Sabbath (15:32-36)
              24 Fringes on garments (15:37-41)
                25 Revolt of Korah, Dathan, and Abram (16:1-17:5)
              26 Aaron saves the people (17:6-15)
            27 Aaron's Rod (17:16-28)
          28 Regulations about priests and Levites (18:1-32)
        29 Ceremony of the Red Heifer (19:1-22)
      30 The waters of Meribah (20:1-13)
    31 Passages through Edom refused (20:14-21)
  32 The death of Aaron (20:22-29)
33 King Arad defeated (21:1-3)
Former halfRelationLatter half
17 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
see 1-1
see 1-133 King Arad defeated (21:1-3)
see 1-1
18 The report of the spies (13:25-33)
see 1-1
see 1-132 The death of Aaron (20:22-29)
see 1-1
19 The People Rebel (14:1-10)
see 1-1
see 1-131 Passages through Edom refused (20:14-21)
see 1-1
20 Sin of rebellion (14:11-35)
see 1-1
see 1-130 The waters of Meribah (20:1-13)
see 1-1
21 An Attempted Invasion is Repulsed (14:36-45)
see 1-1
see 1-129 Ceremony of the Red Heifer (19:1-22)
see 1-1
22 Sin offerings (15:1-31)
see 1-1
see 1-128 Regulations about priests and Levites (18:1-32)
see 1-1
23 Penalty for violating the Sabbath (15:32-36)
see 1-1
see 1-127 Aaron's Rod (17:16-28)
see 1-1
24 Fringes on garments (15:37-41)
see 1-1
see 1-126 Aaron saves the people (17:6-15)
see 1-1

3-2-1

17 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
  18 The report of the spies (13:25-33)
    19 The People Rebel (14:1-10)
      20 Sin of rebellion (14:11-35)
        21 An Attempted Invasion is Repulsed (14:36-45)
      22 Sin offerings (15:1-31)
    23 Penalty for violating the Sabbath (15:32-36)
  24 Fringes on garments (15:37-41)
25 Revolt of Korah, Dathan, and Abram (16:1-17:5)
Former halfRelationLatter half
17 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
13:2You shall send one man from each ancestral tribe, all of them princes."
Leader25 Revolt of Korah, Dathan, and Abram (16:1-17:5)
16:2two hundred and fifty Israelites who were leaders in the community, members of the council and men of note. They stood before Moses,
17 Spies sent into Canaan (13:1-24)
13:2"Send men to reconnoiter the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelites.
The land of Canaan25 Revolt of Korah, Dathan, and Abram (16:1-17:5)
16:14Far from bringing us to a land flowing with milk and honey, or giving us fields and vineyards for our inheritance,
18 The report of the spies (13:25-33)
13:31But the men who had gone up with him said, "We cannot attack these people; they are too strong for us." 13:32So they spread discouraging reports among the Israelites about the land they had scouted,
Disobeying the Lord24 Fringes on garments (15:37-41)
15:39When you use these tassels, let the sight of them remind you to keep all the commandments of the LORD, without going wantonly astray after the desires of your hearts and eyes.
19 The People Rebel (14:1-10)
14:10In answer, the whole community threatened to stone them.
The whole community stones someone23 Penalty for violating the Sabbath (15:32-36)
15:36So the whole community led him outside the camp and stoned him to death, as the LORD had commanded Moses.
20 Sin of rebellion (14:11-35)
14:12 I will strike them with pestilence and wipe them out. Then I will make of you a nation greater and mightier than they." (14:12)
Person who disobeyed the LORD will be killed22 Sin offerings (15:1-31)
15:30 "But anyone who sins defiantly, whether he be a native or an alien, insults the LORD, and shall be cut off from among his people. (15:30)

3-2-2

25 Revolt of Korah, Dathan, and Abram (16:1-17:5)
  26 Aaron saves the people (17:6-15)
    27 Aaron's Rod (17:16-28)
      28 Regulations about priests and Levites (18:1-32)
        29 Ceremony of the Red Heifer (19:1-22)
      30 The waters of Meribah (20:1-13)
    31 Passages through Edom refused (20:14-21)
  32 The death of Aaron (20:22-29)
33 King Arad defeated (21:1-3)
Former halfRelationLatter half
25 Revolt of Korah, Dathan, and Abram (16:1-17:5)
16:33and they perished from the community.
Perish33 King Arad defeated (21:1-3)
21:3they doomed them and their cities. Hence that place was named Hormah.
26 Aaron saves the people (17:6-15)
17:12Then, as he offered the incense and made atonement for the people, 17:13standing there between the living and the dead, the scourge was checked.
Death and Aaron32 The death of Aaron (20:22-29)
20:26for there Aaron shall be taken in death."
27 Aaron's Rod (17:16-28)
17:25so that their grumbling may cease before me; if it does not, they will die."
Killed31 Passages through Edom refused (20:14-21)
20:18"You shall not pass through here; if you do, I will advance against you with the sword."
28 Regulations about priests and Levites (18:1-32)
18:7 an unauthorised person approaching will incur death (18:7)
Death30 The waters of Meribah (20:1-13)
20:3"Would that we too had perished with our kinsmen in the LORD'S presence!

3-3

33 King Arad defeated (21:1-3)
  34 The Bronze Serpent (21:4-9)
    35 The journey to Moab (21:10-20)
      36 King Sihon and King Og defeated (21:21-35)
        37 Balak and Balaam (22:1-40)
          38 Balaam's oracle (22:41-24:25)
            39 Worship of Baal of Peor (25:1-19)
              40 A Census of the New Generation (26:1-65)
                41 The daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
              42 Joshua appointed Moses' successor (27:12-23)
            43 Regulations about offerings and vow (28:1-30:17)
          44 War against Midiam (31:1-54)
        45 Conquest and division of transjordan (32:1-42)
      46 The stages of Israel's journey from Egypt (33:1-49)
    47 Orders about heritage (33:50-34:29)
  48 Cities for the Levites and Refuge (35:1-34)
49 Marriages of female heirs (36:1-13)
Former halfRelationLatter half
33 King Arad defeated (21:1-3)
21:3they doomed them and their cities. Hence that place was named Hormah.
Perish49 Marriages of female heirs (36:1-13)
36:4the heritage of these women will be permanently added to that of the tribe into which they marry and will be withdrawn from that of our ancestral tribe."
34 The Bronze Serpent (21:4-9)
21:8and if anyone who has been bitten looks at it, he will recover."
Not beeing killed48 Cities for the Levites and Refuge (35:1-34)
35:12so that a homicide shall not be put to death unless he is first tried before the community.
35 The journey to Moab (21:10-20)
21:13they encamped on the other side of the Arnon, in the desert that extends from the territory of the Amorites;
Boundary of nations47 Orders about heritage (33:50-34:29)
34:3"Your southern boundary shall be at the desert of Zin along the border of Edom;
36 King Sihon and King Og defeated (21:21-35)
21:22"Let us pass through your country. We will not turn aside into any field or vineyard, nor will we drink any well water, but we will go straight along the royal road until we have passed through your territory."
The road46 The stages of Israel's journey from Egypt (33:1-49)
33:1The following are the stages by which the Israelites journeyed up by companies from the land of Egypt
37 Balak and Balaam (22:1-40)
22:2Now Balak, son of Zippor, saw all that Israel did to the Amorites. 22:3Indeed, Moab feared the Israelites greatly because of their numbers,
Amorites are defeated45 Conquest and division of transjordan (32:1-42)
32:33So Moses gave them (the Gadites and Reubenites, as well as half the tribe of Manasseh, son of Joseph, the kingdom of Sihon, king of the Amorites, and the kingdom of Og, king of Bashan,) the land with its towns and the districts that surrounded them.
38 Balaam's oracle (22:41-24:25)
Balaam's oracle (22:41-24:25)
Balaam, son of Beor44 War against Midiam (31:1-54)
31:8and they also executed Balaam, son of Beor, with the sword.
39 Worship of Baal of Peor (25:1-19)
25:13which shall be for him and for his descendants after him the pledge of an everlasting priesthood, because he was zealous on behalf of his God and thus made amends for the Israelites."
Atonement for sins43 Regulations about offerings and vow (28:1-30:17)
28:22and offer one goat as a sin offering in atonement for yourselves.
40 A Census of the New Generation (26:1-65)
26:65they would surely die in the desert, and not one of them was left except Caleb, son of Jephunneh, and Joshua, son of Nun.
Joshua42 Joshua appointed Moses' successor (27:12-23)
27:18And the LORD replied to Moses, "Take Joshua, son of Nun, a man of spirit, and lay your hand upon him. 27:19Have him stand in the presence of the priest Eleazar and of the whole community, and commission him before their eyes.

3-3-1

33 King Arad defeated (21:1-3)
  34 The Bronze Serpent (21:4-9)
    35 The journey to Moab (21:10-20)
      36 King Sihon and King Og defeated (21:21-35)
        37 Balak and Balaam (22:1-40)
      38 Balaam's oracle (22:41-24:25)
    39 Worship of Baal of Peor (25:1-19)
  41 The daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
41 The daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
Former halfRelationLatter half
33 King Arad defeated (21:1-3)
see 2-2
see 2-241 The daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
see 2-2
34 The Bronze Serpent (21:4-9)
see 2-2
see 2-241 The daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
see 2-2
35 The journey to Moab (21:10-20)
see 2-2
see 2-239 Worship of Baal of Peor (25:1-19)
see 2-2
36 King Sihon and King Og defeated (21:21-35)
see 2-2
see 2-238 Balaam's oracle (22:41-24:25)
see 2-2

3-3-2

41 The daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
  42 Joshua appointed Moses' successor (27:12-23)
    43 Regulations about offerings and vow (28:1-30:17)
      44 War against Midiam (31:1-54)
        45 Conquest and division of transjordan (32:1-42)
      46 The stages of Israel's journey from Egypt (33:1-49)
    47 Orders about heritage (33:50-34:29)
  48 Cities for the Levites and Refuge (35:1-34)
49 Marriages of female heirs (36:1-13)
Former halfRelationLatter half
41 The daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
The daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
The daughters of Zelophehad49 Marriages of female heirs (36:1-13)
The daughters of Zelophehad (36:1-13)
42 Joshua appointed Moses' successor (27:12-23)
27:21He shall present himself to the priest Eleazar, to have him seek out for him the decisions of the Urim in the LORD'S presence; and as he directs, Joshua, all the Israelites with him, and the community as a whole shall perform all their actions."
The high priest48 Cities for the Levites and Refuge (35:1-34)
35:28the homicide was bound to stay in his city of asylum until the death of the high priest. Only after the death of the high priest may the homicide return to his own district.
43 Regulations about offerings and vow (28:1-30:17)
30:2Moses said to the heads of the Israelite tribes,
Leaders of the tribes47 Orders about heritage (33:50-34:29)
34:18and one prince from each of the tribes whom you shall designate for this task.
44 War against Midiam (31:1-54)
31:12to Moses and the priest Eleazar and to the Israelite community at their camp on the plains of Moab, along the Jericho stretch of the Jordan.
Camp on the plains of Moab46 The stages of Israel's journey from Egypt (33:1-49)
33:48they camped on the plains of Moab along the Jericho stretch of the Jordan.

Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

Creative Commons License
Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Caution: The copyright of the cited Bible verses belongs to each translator and publisher.

Comments