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Literary structure (chiasm, chiasmus) of Book of Proverbs

Chiastic Structure and Concentric Structure and Parallel of each pericope

[1]Prologue  (Prov 1:1-7)
 
  A(1:1)  1:1 Solomon (1:1)
    B(1:2-4)    
1:2 may understand words of intelligence;(1:2)   
(להבין)
  A'(1:5)  1:5 A wise man (1:5)
    B'(1:6-7)    
1:6 That he may comprehend proverb and parable (1:6)   
(להבין)
 
   A: Wise man. B: To understand.

[2]Invitation of wisdom  (Prov 1:8-33)
 
  A(1:8-9)  1:8 Hear, my son, your father's instruction (1:8)
    B(1:10-14)    Words of evil companions
      C(1:15-19)      
"1:15 My son, walk not in the way with them"   
(בדרך)
  A'(1:20-21)  1:20 Wisdom cries aloud in the street (1:20)
    B'(1:22-27)    Words of wisdom
      C'(1:28-33)      
1:31 Now they must eat the fruit of their own way   
(דרכם)
 
   A: Voice of wisdom. B: Words of evil companions / words of wisdom. C: The way.

[3]Value of Wisdom  (Prov 2:1-22)
 
  A(2:1-8)  2:8 Guarding the paths of justice, protecting the way of his pious ones
    B(2:9-15)    2:13 Who leave the straight paths to walk in the way of darkness
    B'(2:16-19)    2:19 None who enter thereon come back again, or gain the paths of life
  A'(2:20-22)  2:20 Thus you may walk in the way of good men, and keep to the paths of the just
 
   A: The way of the good. B: The way of the wicked.

[4]Blessing of wisdom  (Prov 3:1-10)
 
  A1(3:1-2)  3:1 forget not my teaching
  A2(3:3-4)  3:3 Let not kindness and fidelity leave you
  A3(3:5-6)  3:6 be mindful of him
  A4(3:7-8)  3:7 Be not wise in your own eyes
  A5(3:9-10)  3:9 Honor the LORD with your wealth, with first fruits of all your produce;
 
   A: Teachings.

[5]Gift of wisdom  (Prov 3:11-20)
 
  A(3:11-12)  3:11 The discipline of the LORD
    B(3:13-14)    
3:13 Happy the man   
(אשׁרי)
      C(3:15-16)      3:16 Long life is in her right hand, in her left are riches and honor
    B'(3:17-18)    
3:18 he is happy who holds her fast   
(מאשׁר)
  A'(3:19-20)  3:19 The LORD by wisdom founded the earth (3:19)
 
   A: Wisdom of the LORD. B: Happiness. C: Prosperity.

[6]Exhortation of wisdom  (Prov 3:21-35)
 
  A(3:21-24)  3:22 an adornment for your neck
    B(3:25-26)    3:26 For the LORD will be your confidence, and will keep your foot from the snare
      C(3:27-28)      3:27 Refuse no one the good
      C'(3:29-30)      3:29 Plot no evil against your neighbor
    B'(3:31-32)    3:32 To the LORD the perverse man is an abomination, but with the upright is his friendship
  A'(3:33-35)  3:35 Honor is the possession of wise men
 
   A: Honor. B: To avoid evils. C: Love to the neighbors.

[7]Gain wisdom  (Prov 4:1-9)
 
  A(4:1-3)  
4:2 my teaching do not forsake   
(תעזבו)
    B(4:4-5)    
"4:5 Get wisdom, get understanding"   
(קנה)
  A'(4:6)  
4:6 Forsake her not   
(תעזבה)
    B'(4:7-9)    
4:7 The beginning of wisdom is: get wisdom   
(קנה)
 
   A: Do not forsake. B: Get wisdom.

[8]The right way  (Prov 4:10-19)
 
  A(4:10-13)  4:11 On the way of wisdom I direct you
    B(4:14-17)    
4:14 The path of the wicked enter not   
(רשׁעים)
  A'(4:18)  4:18 But the path of the just is like shining light
    B'(4:19)    
4:19 The way of the wicked is like darkness   
(רשׁעים)
 
   A: The path of the just. B: The path of the wicked.

[9]Warning against evil  (Prov 4:20-27)
 
  A(4:20)  
4:20 to my sayings incline your ear   
(הט)
    B(4:21-22)    
4:21 keep them within your heart   
(שׁמרם)
    B'(4:23)    
4:23 guard your heart   
(משׁמר)
  A'(4:24-27)  
4:27 Turn neither to right nor to left   
(תט)
 
   A: To turn. B: To guard.

[10]Warning against others  (Prov 5:1-6)
 
  A(5:1)  5:1 to my wisdom be attentive, to my knowledge incline your ear
    B(5:2)    
5:2 your lips may guard knowledge   
(שׂפתיך)
    B'(5:3-4)    
5:3 The lips of an adulteress   
(שׂפתי)
  A'(5:5-6)  5:6 far from following the path of life, her course is uncertain and she does not know it
 
   A: To know / not to know. B: Lips.

[11]Warning against adultery  (Prov 5:7-23)
 
  A(5:7-10)  5:10 Lest strangers have their fill of your wealth
    B(5:11-14)    5:12 Oh, why did I hate instruction, and my heart spurn reproof
  A'(5:15-19)  5:17 Let your fountain be yours alone, not one shared with strangers
    B'(5:20-23)    5:20 Why should you go astray for another's wife?
 
   A: Don't give to strangers. B: Why do you do evils?

[12]Warning against laziness  (Prov 6:1-19)
 
  A(6:1-2)  6:2 You have been snared by the utterance of your lips
    B(6:3-5)    6:5 Free yourself as a gazelle from the snare
      C(6:6-8)      
"6:6 Go to the ant, O sluggard (6:6)"   
(עצל)
      C'(6:9-11)      
"6:9 How long, O sluggard, will you rest? (6:9)"   
(עצל)
    B'(6:12-15)    6:15 in an instant he is crushed beyond cure
  A'(6:16-19)  6:19 The false witness who utters lies
 
   A: Lies. B: Disaster. C: Sluggard.

[13]Warning against adultery  (Prov 6:20-35)
 
P(6:20-23)
  A(6:24-26)  6:26 For the price of a loose woman may be scarcely a loaf of bread, But if she is married, she is a trap for your precious life.(6:26)
    B(6:27-29)    6:29 none who touches her shall go unpunished
  A'(6:30-31)  6:30 Men despise not the thief if he steals to satisfy his appetite when he is hungry
    B'(6:32-35)    6:35 He will not consider any restitution
 
   A: Atonement of food. B: Not be able to atone.

[14]Woman of adultery  (Prov 7:1-23)
 
  A(7:1-5)  7:2 Keep my commands and live, my teaching as the apple of your eye; (7:2)
    B(7:6-12)    7:8 Going along the street near the corner, then walking in the direction of her house-- (7:8)
      C(7:13-20)      Words of the woman
    B'(7:21-22)    7:22 He follows her stupidly, like an ox that is led to slaughter; Like a stag that minces toward the net, (7:22)
  A'(7:23)  7:23 till an arrow pierces its liver; Like a bird that rushes into a snare, unaware that its life is at stake. (7:23)
 
   A: To gain a life / to lose a life. B: To follow the woman. C: Words of the woman.

[15]Warning against Woman of adultery  (Prov 7:24-27)
 
P(7:24)7:24 So now, O children, listen to me, be attentive to the words of my mouth! (7:24)
  A(7:25)  
7:25 Let not your heart turn to her ways   
(דכיה)
    B(7:26)    7:26 For many are those she has struck down dead, numerous, those she has slain
  A'(7:27)  
7:27 Her house is made up of ways to the nether world   
(דרכי)
 
   A: The way of her. B: She has struck down dead.

[16]Love for wisdom  (Prov 8:1-31)
 
  A(8:1-9)  
8:4 my appeal is to the children of men.   
(בניאדם)
    B(8:10-12)    
"8:10 Receive my instruction in preference to silver, and knowledge rather than choice gold. "   
(כסף)
      C(8:13-16)      8:13 The fear of the LORD is to hate evil
    B'(8:17-21)    
"8:19 My fruit is better than gold, yes, than pure gold, and my revenue than choice silver. "   
(מכסף)
  A'(8:22-31)  
8:31 I found delight in the sons of men.    
(בניאדם)
 
   A: The sons of men. B: Gold and silver. C: The fear of the LORD.

[17]Listen to me  (Prov 8:32-36)
 
  A(8:32)  
8:32 Happy are those who keep my ways   
(ואשׁרי)
    B(8:33)    8:33 Hear instruction and be wise
  A'(8:34)  
"8:34 Blessed, whoever listens to me"   
(אשׁרי)
    B'(8:35-36)    8:35 For he who finds me finds life
 
   A: Happiness. B: To gain wisdom.

[18]Table of wisdom  (Prov 9:1-18)
 
  A(9:1-9)  Wisdom's feast
    B'(9:10-12)    9:10 The beginning of wisdom is the fear of the LORD
  A'(9:13-18)  Folly's feast
 
   A: To invite a feast. B: The fear of the LORD.

[19]Solomon's proverbs  (Prov 10:1-22:16)
 
 
   Wise sayings of Solomon

[20]Table of kings  (Prov 22:17-23:11)
 
P(22:17-21)22:17 Incline your ear, and hear my words
  A(22:22-29)  22:22 Injure not the poor because they are poor, nor crush the needy at the gate; (22:22)
    B(23:1-3)    
23:3 Do not desire his delicacies   
(למטעמותיו)
      C(23:4-5)      23:4 Toil not to gain wealth
    B'(23:6-8)    
"23:6 Do not take food with a grudging man, and do not desire his dainties"   
(למטעמתיו)
  A'(23:9-11)  23:10 nor invade the fields of orphans; (23:10)
 
   A: To guard the weak. B: Do not take food. C: Toil not to gain wealth.

[21]Fair lips  (Prov 23:12-18)
 
  A(23:12-14)  23:12 Apply your heart to instruction, and your ears to words of knowledge
    B(23:15-16)    23:15 if your heart be wise, my own heart also will rejoice
  A'(23:17-18)  23:17 Let not your heart emulate sinners
 
   A: Heart. B: To be wise.

[22]Warning against alcohol  (Prov 23:19-21)
 
P(23:19)23:19 Hear, my son, and be wise (23:19)
  A(23:20)  23:20 Consort not with winebibbers
  A'(23:21)  23:21 the drunkard and the glutton
 
   A: Alcohol.

[23]To respect parents  (Prov 23:22-25)
 
  A(23:22)  Father and mother
    B(23:23)    23:23 Get the truth
  A'(23:24-25)  Father and mother
 
   A: Father and mother. B: Get the truth.

[24]Sins of fool  (Prov 23:26-24:12)
 
P(23:26)23:26 My son, give me your heart, and let your eyes keep to my ways. (23:26)
  A(23:27-24:2)  Evils
    B(24:3-6)    24:5 A wise man is more powerful than a strong man, and a man of knowledge than a man of might
  A'(24:7-12)  Evils
 
   A: Evils. B: A wise man.

[25]Disaster of evildoer  (Prov 24:13-20)
 
  A(24:13-14)  
"24:14 If you find it, you will have a future"   
(אחרית)
    B(24:15-16)    
24:16 For the just man falls seven times and rises again   
(יפול)
    B'(24:17-18)    
24:17 Rejoice not when your enemy falls   
(בנפל)
  A'(24:19-20)  
24:20 For the evil man has no future   
(אחרית)
 
   A: Future. B: To fall.

[26]Fear to God  (Prov 24:21-22)
 
  A(24:21a)  24:21 the LORD and the king
    B(24:21b-22a)    24:21 have nothing to do with those who rebel against them
  A'(24:22b)  24:22 the ruin from either one
 
   A: The LORD and the king. B: Those who rebel.

[27]Other words of wise man  (Prov 24:23-34)
 
  A(24:23-24)  24:24 He who says to the wicked man, "You are just"
    B(24:25-26)    24:25 But those who convict the evildoer will fare well
      C(24:27)      
"24:27 Complete your outdoor tasks, and arrange your work in the field"   
(בשׂדה)
  A'(24:28)  24:28 Be not a witness against your neighbor without just cause
    B'(24:29)    24:29 I will repay the man according to his deeds
      C'(24:30-34)      
24:30 I passed by the field of the sluggard   
(שׂדה)
 
   A: Lies. B: Rewards. C: Fields.

[28]Solomon's proverbs  (Prov 25:1-29:27)
 
 
   Wise sayings of Solomon

[29]Sayings of Agur  (Prov 30:1-33)
 
  A1(30:1-6)  Five questions about the Holy One.
  A2(30:7-9)  Two wishes
  A3(30:10-14)  Four groups
  A4(30:15-17)  Four never say, Enough
  A5(30:18-20)  Four I cannot understand
  A6(30:21-23)  Under four it cannot bear up
  A7(30:24-28)  Four things are among the smallest on the earth
  A8(30:29-31)  Four are stately in their carriage
  A9(30:32-33)  Three objects are produced
 
   A: Lists.

[30]The teaching of king Lemel's mother  (Prov 31:1-9)
 
P(31:1)31:1 The words of Lemuel, king of Massa (31:1)
  A(31:2-3)  31:3 Give not your vigor to women
    B(31:4-5)    
31:4 strong drink is not for princes   
(יין)
    B'(31:6-7)    
31:6 Give strong drink to one who is perishing   
(יין)
  A'(31:8-9)  31:8 Open your mouth in behalf of the dumb
 
   A: What to do. B: Strong drink.

[31]Ode to a capable woman  (Prov 31:10-31)
 
  A(31:10-12)  
31:10 When one finds a worthy wife   
(חיל)
    B(31:13-19)    31:14 Like merchant ships, she secures her provisions from afar
      C(31:20-23)      31:20 She reaches out her hands to the poor
    B'(31:24-27)    31:27 She watches the conduct of her household, and eats not her food in idleness
  A'(31:28-31)  
"31:29 Many are the women of proven worth, but you have excelled them all."   
(חיל)
 
   A: A worthy wife. B: Diligent. C: She reaches out her hands to the poor.


Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

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Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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