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Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Book of Zechariah

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of divided by 4


4-1

1 Israel urged to repent (1:1-6)
  2 First vision (1:7-17)
    3 Second vision and third vision (2:1-6)
      4 An appeal to the exiles (2:7-17)
    5 Fourth vision (3:1-10)
  6 Fifth vision (4:1-14)
7 Sixth and seventh vision (5:1-11)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 Israel urged to repent (1:1-6)
"The LORD of hosts has treated us according to our ways and deeds, just as he had determined he would. (1:6)
Being judged according to deeds7 Sixth and seventh vision (5:1-11)
This is the curse which is to go forth over the whole earth; in accordance with it shall every thief be swept away, and in accordance with it shall every perjurer be expelled from here. (5:3)
2 First vision (1:7-17)
These are they whom the LORD has sent to patrol the earth. (1:10)
Person who watches the earth6 Fifth vision (4:1-14)
These seven facets are the eyes of the LORD that range over the whole earth. (4:10)
3 Second vision and third vision (2:1-6)
Here are the horns that scattered Judah, so that no man raised his head any more; but these have come to terrify them: to cast down the horns of the nations that raised their horns to scatter the land of Judah. (2:4)
Punishment against persecutor5 Fourth vision (3:1-10)
May the LORD rebuke you, Satan; may the LORD who has chosen Jerusalem rebuke you! (3:2)

4-1-1

1 Israel urged to repent (1:1-6)
  2 First vision (1:7-17)
  3 Second vision and third vision (2:1-6)
4 An appeal to the exiles (2:7-17)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 Israel urged to repent (1:1-6)
Be not like your fathers whom the former prophets warned: Thus says the LORD of hosts: Turn from your evil ways and from your wicked deeds. But they would not listen or pay attention to me, says the LORD. (1:4)
Person who was sent by the LORD4 An appeal to the exiles (2:7-17)
See, I wave my hand over them; they become plunder for their slaves. Thus you shall know that the LORD of hosts has sent me. (2:13)
2 First vision (1:7-17)
a measuring line shall be stretched over Jerusalem. (1:16)
Jerusalem is measured3 Second vision and third vision (2:1-6)
"To measure Jerusalem," he answered; "to see how great is its width and how great its length." (2:6)

4-1-2

4 An appeal to the exiles (2:7-17)
  5 Fourth vision (3:1-10)
  6 Fifth vision (4:1-14)
7 Sixth and seventh vision (5:1-11)
Former halfRelationLatter half
4 An appeal to the exiles (2:7-17)
Up, up! Flee from the land of the north, says the LORD; for I scatter you to the four winds of heaven, says the LORD. (2:10)
Heaven, winds7 Sixth and seventh vision (5:1-11)
Then I raised my eyes and saw two women coming forth with a wind ruffling their wings, for they had wings like the wings of a stork. As they lifted up the bushel into the air, (5:9)
5 Fourth vision (3:1-10)
Look at the stone that I have placed before Joshua, one stone with seven facets. I will engrave its inscription, says the LORD of hosts, (3:9)
Seven eyes6 Fifth vision (4:1-14)
These seven facets are the eyes of the LORD that range over the whole earth. (4:10)

4-2

7 Sixth and seventh vision (5:1-11)
  8 Eighth vision (6:1-8)
    9 The coronation of the branch (6:9-15)
      10 Question of prophet (7:1-7)
    11 Punishment for rejecting God's demands (7:8-14)
  12 The promise about Zion (8:1-8)
13 The seed of peace (8:9-13)
Former halfRelationLatter half
7 Sixth and seventh vision (5:1-11)
5:3 Then he said to me: "This is the curse which is to go forth over the whole earth; in accordance with it shall every thief be swept away, and in accordance with it shall every perjurer be expelled from here. (5:3)
Curse13 The seed of peace (8:9-13)
8:13 Just as you were a curse among the nations, O house of Judah and house of Israel, so will I save you that you may be a blessing; do not fear, but let your hands be strong. (8:13)
8 Eighth vision (6:1-8)
6:5 The angel said to me in reply, "These are the four winds of the heavens, which are coming forth after being reviewed by the LORD of all the earth." (6:5)
Directions12 The promise about Zion (8:1-8)
8:7 Thus says the LORD of hosts: Lo, I will rescue my people from the land of the rising sun, and from the land of the setting sun. (8:7)
9 The coronation of the branch (6:9-15)
6:15 And if you heed carefully the voice of the LORD your God. . . .(6:15)
Listening to the LORD11 Punishment for rejecting God's demands (7:8-14)
7:12 And they made their hearts diamondhard so as not to hear the teaching and the message that the LORD of hosts had sent by his spirit through the former prophets. (7:12)

4-2-1

7 Sixth and seventh vision (5:1-11)
  8 Eighth vision (6:1-8)
  9 The coronation of the branch (6:9-15)
10 Question of prophet (7:1-7)
Former halfRelationLatter half
7 Sixth and seventh vision (5:1-11)
"This is Wickedness," he said; and he thrust her inside the bushel, pushing the leaden cover into the opening. (5:8)
Food is prohibited10 Question of prophet (7:1-7)
Must I mourn and abstain in the fifth month as I have been doing these many years? (7:3)
8 Eighth vision (6:1-8)
Again I raised my eyes and saw four chariots coming out from between two mountains; and the mountains were of bronze. (6:1)
Coming out from midst of two objects9 The coronation of the branch (6:9-15)
The priest shall be put at his right hand, and between the two of them there shall be friendly understanding. (6:13)

4-2-2

10 Question of prophet (7:1-7)
  11 Punishment for rejecting God's demands (7:8-14)
  12 The promise about Zion (8:1-8)
13 The seed of peace (8:9-13)
Former halfRelationLatter half
10 Question of prophet (7:1-7)
7:7 Were not these the words which the LORD spoke through the former prophets (7:7)
Words of prophets13 The seed of peace (8:9-13)
8:9 Let your hands be strong, you who in these days hear these words spoken by the prophets on the day when the foundation of the house of the LORD of hosts was laid for the building of the temple. (8:9)
11 Punishment for rejecting God's demands (7:8-14)
7:12 And they made their hearts diamondhard so as not to hear the teaching and the message that the LORD of hosts had sent by his spirit through the former prophets. (7:12)
Wrath of the LORD12 The promise about Zion (8:1-8)
8:2 I am intensely jealous for Zion, stirred to jealous wrath for her. (8:2)

4-3

13 The seed of peace (8:9-13)
  14 Judgment for peace (8:14-17)
    15 Joyful fasting (8:18-23)
      16 Judgment on Israel's enemies (9:1-8)
    17 The coming ruler of God's people (9:9-11:3)
  18 Two kinds of shepherds (11:4-17)
19 Jerusalem's victory (12:1-6)
Former halfRelationLatter half
13 The seed of peace (8:9-13)
8:9 the foundation of the house of the LORD of hosts was laid for the building of the temple. (8:9)
Foundation19 Jerusalem's victory (12:1-6)
12:1 Thus says the LORD, who spreads out the heavens, lays the foundations of the earth (12:1)
14 Judgment for peace (8:14-17)
8:15 so again in these days I have determined to favor Jerusalem and the house of Judah; do not fear! (8:15)
Judah and Israel18 Two kinds of shepherds (11:4-17)
Then I snapped asunder my other staff, "Bonds," breaking off the brotherhood between Judah and Israel. (11:14)
15 Joyful fasting (8:18-23)
There shall yet come peoples, the inhabitants of many cities; (8:20)
Many peoples gather17 The coming ruler of God's people (9:9-11:3)
I sowed them among the nations, yet in distant lands they remember me; they shall rear their children and return. (10:9)

4-3-1

13 The seed of peace (8:9-13)
  14 Judgment for peace (8:14-17)
  15 Joyful fasting (8:18-23)
16 Judgment on Israel's enemies (9:1-8)
Former halfRelationLatter half
13 The seed of peace (8:9-13)
8:10 For before those days there were no wages for men, or hire for beasts; those who came and went had no security from the enemy, for I set every man against his neighbor. (8:10)
Salvation from enemies16 Judgment on Israel's enemies (9:1-8)
9:8 I will encamp by my house as a guard that none may pass to and fro; No oppressor shall pass over them again, for now I have regard for their affliction.(9:8)
14 Judgment for peace (8:14-17)
Speak the truth to one another; let there be honesty and peace in the judgments at your gates, (8:16)
Truth15 Joyful fasting (8:18-23)
only love faithfulness and peace. (8:19)

4-3-2

16 Judgment on Israel's enemies (9:1-8)
  17 The coming ruler of God's people (9:9-11:3)
  18 Two kinds of shepherds (11:4-17)
19 Jerusalem's victory (12:1-6)
Former halfRelationLatter half
16 Judgment on Israel's enemies (9:1-8)
9:5 Ashkelon shall see it and be afraid; Gaza also: she shall be in great anguish; Ekron, too, for her hope shall come to nought. The king shall disappear from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited, 9:6 and the baseborn shall occupy Ashdod. I will destroy the pride of the Philistine (9:5-6)
Judgment on foreigners19 Jerusalem's victory (12:1-6)
On that day I will make the princes of Judah like a brazier of fire in the woodland, and like a burning torch among sheaves, and they shall devour right and left all the surrounding peoples; (12:6)
17 The coming ruler of God's people (9:9-11:3)
As for you, for the blood of your covenant with me, I will bring forth your prisoners from the dungeon. (9:11)
Covenant18 Two kinds of shepherds (11:4-17)
Then I took my staff "Favor" and snapped it asunder, breaking off the covenant which I had made with all peoples; (11:10)

4-4

19 Jerusalem's victory (12:1-6)
  20 Mourning for the pierced one (12:7-14)
    21 Idolatry cut off (13:1-6)
      22 The shepherd struck, the flock scattered (13:7-9)
    23 The day of the LORD is coming (14:1-7)
  24 Fight in Jerusalem (14:8-19)
25 Final victory (14:20-21)
Former halfRelationLatter half
19 Jerusalem's victory (12:1-6)
12:4 I will strike every horse with fright, and its rider with madness (12:4)
Horses25 Final victory (14:20-21)
14:20 On that day there shall be upon the bells of the horses, "Holy to the LORD." (14:20)
20 Mourning for the pierced one (12:7-14)
On that day the mourning in Jerusalem shall be as great as the mourning of Hadadrimmon in the plain of Megiddo. (12:11)
Mourning / confusion in battlefield24 Fight in Jerusalem (14:8-19)
On that day there shall be among them a great tumult from the LORD: every man shall seize the hand of his neighbor, and the hand of each shall be raised against that of his neighbor. (14:13)
21 Idolatry cut off (13:1-6)
13:3 When he prophesies, his parents, father and mother, shall thrust him through. (13:3)
Being torn up23 The day of the LORD is coming (14:1-7)
14:4 The Mount of Olives shall be cleft in two from east to west by a very deep valley, (14:4)

4-4-1

19 Jerusalem's victory (12:1-6)
  20 Mourning for the pierced one (12:7-14)
  21 Idolatry cut off (13:1-6)
22 The shepherd struck, the flock scattered (13:7-9)
Former halfRelationLatter half
19 Jerusalem's victory (12:1-6)
On that day I will make the princes of Judah like a brazier of fire in the woodland, and like a burning torch among sheaves, and they shall devour right and left all the surrounding peoples; (12:6)
Ruined people22 The shepherd struck, the flock scattered (13:7-9)
In all the land, says the LORD, two thirds of them shall be cut off and perish, and one third shall be left. (13:8)
20 Mourning for the pierced one (12:7-14)
they shall look on him whom they have thrust through (12:10)
Thrusting through21 Idolatry cut off (13:1-6)
his parents, father and mother, shall thrust him through (13:3)

4-4-2

22 The shepherd struck, the flock scattered (13:7-9)
  23 The day of the LORD is coming (14:1-7)
  24 Fight in Jerusalem (14:8-19)
25 Final victory (14:20-21)
Former halfRelationLatter half
22 The shepherd struck, the flock scattered (13:7-9)
13:9 I will bring the one third through fire, and I will refine them as silver is refined, and I will test them as gold is tested. (13:9)
Sanctification of the people25 Final victory (14:20-21)
14:21 And every pot in Jerusalem and in Judah shall be holy to the LORD of hosts; (14:21)
23 The day of the LORD is coming (14:1-7)
And I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem for battle: (14:2)
Gathering to Jerusalem and fighting24 Fight in Jerusalem (14:8-19)
Judah also shall fight against Jerusalem. The riches of all the surrounding nations shall be gathered together, gold, silver, and garments, in great abundance. (14:14)

Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

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Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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