FAQ       Top  >  Literary Structure of the Bible  >  Books of Minor Prophets  >  1

Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Books of Minor Prophets

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of whole text


1-1

1 The family of Hosea (Ho1:1-Ho2:3)
  2 Betrayal of Israel (Ho2:4-15)
    3 Salvation of Israel (Ho2:16-25)
      4 Further assurance of God's redeeming love (Ho3:1-5)
        5 The idolatry of Israel (Ho4:1-Ho5:7)
          6 Sin and punishment of war (Ho5:8-Ho6:11)
            7 Futile reliance on the nations (Ho7:1-12)
              8 Israel's apostasy (Ho7:13-Ho8:14)
                9 Sin at Baal-peor and Gilgal (Ho9:1-17)
                  10 Israel's sin and captivity (Ho10:1-15)
                    11 God's compassion despite Israel's ingratitude (Ho11:1-11)
                      12 The history of rebellion (Ho12:1-14_Ho14:1)
                        13 Assurance of forgiveness (Ho14:2-10)
                          14 Lamentation over the ruin of the country (Jl1:1-12)
                            15 The day of the LORD is coming (Jl1:13-Jl2:14)
                              16 God's response and promise (Jl2:15-27)
                                17 God's spirit poured out (Jl3:1-5)
                                  18 Vengeance of the LORD (Jl4:1-8)
                                    19 Judgment in the valley of Jehoshaphat (Jl4:9-17)
                                      20 The glorious future of Judah (Jl4:18-21)
                                        21 Judgment on nations (Am1:1-Am2:5)
                                          22 Judgment on Israel (Am2:6-16)
                                            23 Sin of Israel (Am3:1-15)
                                              24 Unbelief of Israel (Am4:1-11)
                                                25 Seek the LORD (Am4:12-Am5:8)
                                                  26 The day of judgment (Am5:9-17)
                                                    27 Festival and justice (Am5:18-27)
                                                      28 Judgment on arrogant people (Am6:1-14)
                                                        29 The first, second and third vision (Am7:1-9)
                                                          30 Amaziah complains to the king (Am7:10-17)
                                                            31 The fourth vision (Am8:1-14)
                                                              32 The God of whole world (Am9:1-10)
                                                                33 The restoration of David's kingdom (Am9:11-15)
                                                                  34 Book of Obadiah (Ob1:1-21)
                                                                    35 Jonah tries to run away from God (Jon1:1-3)
                                                                      36 Jonah's disaster (Jon1:4-16)
                                                                        37 A psalm of thanksgiving (Jon2:1-11)
                                                                          38 Conversion of Nineveh (Jon3:1-10)
                                                                            39 Jonah is reproved (Jon4:1-11)
                                                                              40 Judgment pronounced against Samaria (Mi1:1-7)
                                                                                41 The doom of the cities of Judah (Mi1:8-16)
                                                                                  42 Social evils denounced (Mi2:1-13)
                                                                                    43 Wicked rulers and prophets (Mi3:1-12)
                                                                                      44 Restoration promised after exile (Mi4:1-14)
                                                                                        45 The ruler from Bethlehem (Mi5:1-8)
                                                                                          46 The future role of the remnant (Mi5:9-14)
                                                                                            47 God challenges Israel (Mi6:1-8)
                                                                                              48 Cheating and violence to be punished (Mi6:9-16)
                                                                                                49 The total corruption of the people (Mi7:1-8)
                                                                                                  50 Penitence and trust in God (Mi7:9-13)
                                                                                                    51 God's compassion and steadfast love (Mi7:14-20)
                                                                                                  52 The consuming wrath of God (Na1:1-8)
                                                                                                53 Evil plot (Na1:9-11)
                                                                                              54 Breaking the yoke (Na1:12-14 )
                                                                                            55 Good news for Judah (Na2:1-3)
                                                                                          56 The destruction of the wicked city (Na2:4-11)
                                                                                        57 Ruin imminent and inevitable (Na2:12-Na3:6)
                                                                                      58 Judgment on Nineveh (Na3:7-19)
                                                                                    59 The prophet's complaint (Hab1:1-2:6a)
                                                                                  60 The woes of the wicked (Hab2:6b-20)
                                                                                61 The prophet's prayer (Hab3:1-19)
                                                                              62 The coming judgment on Judah (Zp1:1-18)
                                                                            63 The great day of the LORD (Zp2:1-4)
                                                                          64 Judgment on Israel's enemies (Zp2:5-15)
                                                                        65 Punishment and conversion of the nations (Zp3:1-13)
                                                                      66 A song of joy (Zp3:14-20)
                                                                    67 The command to rebuild the temple (Hg1:1-11)
                                                                  68 Beginning of construction (Hg1:12-15)
                                                                69 The future glory of the temple (Hg2:1-9)
                                                              70 A rebuke and a promise (Hg2:10-19)
                                                            71 God's promise to Zerubbabel (Hg2:20-23)
                                                          72 Israel urged to repent (Zc1:1-6)
                                                        73 First vision (Zc1:7-17)
                                                      74 Second vision and third vision (Zc2:1-6)
                                                    75 An appeal to the exiles (Zc2:7-17)
                                                  76 Fourth vision (Zc3:1-10)
                                                77 Fifth vision (Zc4:1-14)
                                              78 Sixth and seventh vision (Zc5:1-11)
                                            79 Eighth vision (Zc6:1-8)
                                          80 The coronation of the branch (Zc6:9-15)
                                        81 Question of prophet (Zc7:1-7)
                                      82 Punishment for rejecting God's demands (Zc7:8-14)
                                    83 The promise about Zion (Zc8:1-8)
                                  84 The seed of peace (Zc8:9-13)
                                85 Judgment for peace (Zc8:14-17)
                              86 Joyful fasting (Zc8:18-23)
                            87 Judgment on Israel's enemies (Zc9:1-8)
                          88 The coming ruler of God's people (Zc9:9-Zc11:3)
                        89 Two kinds of shepherds (Zc11:4-17)
                      90 Jerusalem's victory (Zc12:1-6)
                    91 Mourning for the pierced one (Zc12:7-14)
                  92 Idolatry cut off (Zc13:1-6)
                93 The shepherd struck, the flock scattered (Zc13:7-9)
              94 The day of the LORD is coming (Zc14:1-7)
            95 Fight in Jerusalem (Zc14:8-19)
          96 Final victory (Zc14:20-21)
        97 Corruption of the priesthood (Ml1:1-13)
      98 Exhortation to priests (Ml1:14-Ml2:9)
    99 Do not betray (Ml2:10-16)
  100 The coming messenger (Ml2:17-Ml3:15)
101 The day of the LORD (Ml3:16-24)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 The family of Hosea (Ho1:1-Ho2:3)
1:7 Yet for the house of Judah I feel pity; I will save them by the LORD, their God; But I will not save them by war, by sword or bow, by horses or horsemen.(1:7)
The pity and distinction101 The day of the LORD (Ml3:16-24)
3:17 I will have compassion on them, as a man has compassion on his son who serves him. (3:17)
2 Betrayal of Israel (Ho2:4-15)
2:4 Protest against your mother, protest! for she is not my wife, and I am not her husband. (2:4)
Betrayal and accusation100 The coming messenger (Ml2:17-Ml3:15)
3:5 I will draw near to you for judgment, and I will be swift to bear witness Against the sorcerers, adulterers, and perjurers, those who defraud the hired man of his wages, Against those who defraud widows and orphans; those who turn aside the stranger, and those who do not fear me, says the LORD of hosts. (3:5)
3 Salvation of Israel (Ho2:16-25)
2:17 She shall respond there as in the days of her youth, when she came up from the land of Egypt. (2:17)
The wife of your youth99 Do not betray (Ml2:10-16)
2:15 You must then safeguard life that is your own, and not break faith with the wife of your youth. (2:15)
4 Further assurance of God's redeeming love (Ho3:1-5)
3:1they turn to other gods and are fond of raisin cakes.(3:1)
Pagan worship98 Exhortation to priests (Ml1:14-Ml2:9)
2:11 has married an idolatrous woman. (2:11)
5 The idolatry of Israel (Ho4:1-Ho5:7)
4:9 The priests shall fare no better than the people: I will punish them for their ways, and repay them for their deeds. (4:9)
Sins of priests97 Corruption of the priesthood (Ml1:1-13)
1:6 So says the LORD of hosts to you, O priests, who despise his name. (1:6)
6 Sin and punishment of war (Ho5:8-Ho6:11)
5:9 Ephraim shall become a waste on the day of chastisement: Against the tribes of Israel I announce what is sure to be. (5:9)
The day of the LORD96 Final victory (Zc14:20-21)
14:20 On that day there shall be upon the bells of the horses, "Holy to the LORD." (14:20)
7 Futile reliance on the nations (Ho7:1-12)
7:11 They call upon Egypt, they go to Assyria. (7:11)
Egypt95 Fight in Jerusalem (Zc14:8-19)
14:19 This shall be the punishment of Egypt (14:19)
8 Israel's apostasy (Ho7:13-Ho8:14)
8:10 Even though they bargain with the nations, I will now gather an army; (8:10)
Gathering the nations94 The day of the LORD is coming (Zc14:1-7)
14:2 And I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem for battle: (14:2)
9 Sin at Baal-peor and Gilgal (Ho9:1-17)
9:17 they shall be wanderers among the nations.(9:17)
Diaspora93 The shepherd struck, the flock scattered (Zc13:7-9)
13:7 Strike the shepherd that the sheep may be dispersed, and I will turn my hand against the little ones.(13:7)
10 Israel's sin and captivity (Ho10:1-15)
10:6 It too shall be carried to Assyria, as an offering to the great king. (10:6)
Idols92 Idolatry cut off (Zc13:1-6)
13:2 I will destroy the names of the idols from the land (13:2)
11 God's compassion despite Israel's ingratitude (Ho11:1-11)
11:8 My heart is overwhelmed, my pity is stirred. (11:8)
The pity of the LORD91 Mourning for the pierced one (Zc12:7-14)
12:10 I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and petition; (12:10)
12 The history of rebellion (Ho12:1-14_Ho14:1)
14:1 Samaria shall expiate her guilt, for she has rebelled against her God. (14:1)
Samaria / Jerusalem90 Jerusalem's victory (Zc12:1-6)
12:6 Jerusalem shall still abide on its own site. (12:6)
13 Assurance of forgiveness (Ho14:2-10)
14:4 Assyria will not save us, nor shall we have horses to mount; We shall say no more, 'Our god,' to the work of our hands; for in you the orphan finds compassion." (14:4)
Salvation and compassion89 Two kinds of shepherds (Zc11:4-17)
11:6 Nor shall I spare the inhabitants of the earth any more, says the LORD. Yes, I will deliver each of them into the power of his neighbor, or into the power of his king; they shall crush the earth, and I will not deliver it out of their power. (11:6)
14 Lamentation over the ruin of the country (Jl1:1-12)
1:11 Be appalled, you husbandmen! wail, you vinedressers! (1:11)
Lament88 The coming ruler of God's people (Zc9:9-Zc11:3)
11:3 Hark! the wailing of the shepherds, their glory has been ruined. Hark! the roaring of the young lions, the jungle of the Jordan is laid waste. (11:3)
15 The day of the LORD is coming (Jl1:13-Jl2:14)
2:10 Before them the earth trembles, the heavens shake; The sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars withhold their brightness. (2:10)
Fearful87 Judgment on Israel's enemies (Zc9:1-8)
9:5 Ashkelon shall see it and be afraid; Gaza also: she shall be in great anguish; Ekron, too, for her hope shall come to nought. (9:5)
16 God's response and promise (Jl2:15-27)
2:19 Never again will I expose you to the contempt of the nations. i2:19)
Not being ashamed by the foreign nations86 Joyful fasting (Zc8:18-23)
8:22 Many peoples and strong nations shall come to seek the LORD of hosts in Jerusalem and to implore the favor of the LORD. (8:22)
17 God's spirit poured out (Jl3:1-5)
3:5 And in Jerusalem survivors whom the LORD shall call.(3:5)
Salvation for Jerusalem85 Judgment for peace (Zc8:14-17)
8:15 I have determined to favor Jerusalem and the house of Judah; (8:15)
18 Vengeance of the LORD (Jl4:1-8)
4:1 I would restore the fortunes of Judah and Jerusalem (4:1)
Restoration of Judah84 The seed of peace (Zc8:9-13)
8:13 O house of Judah and house of Israel, so will I save you that you may be a blessing; (8:13)
19 Judgment in the valley of Jehoshaphat (Jl4:9-17)
4:17 I, the LORD, am your God, dwelling on Zion, my holy mountain (4:17)
The LORD lives in Zion83 The promise about Zion (Zc8:1-8)
8:3 I will return to Zion, and I will dwell within Jerusalem (8:3)
20 The glorious future of Judah (Jl4:18-21)
4:19 Egypt shall be a waste, and Edom a desert waste, Because of violence done to the people of Judah, because they shed innocent blood in their land. (4:19)
Devastation82 Punishment for rejecting God's demands (Zc7:8-14)
7:14 the land was left desolate after them with no one traveling to and fro; they made the pleasant land into a desert.(7:14)
21 Judgment on nations (Am1:1-Am2:5)
2:4 they spurned the law of the LORD, and did not keep his statutes (2:4)
Disregard of the law81 Question of prophet (Zc7:1-7)
7:3 to ask the priests of the house of the LORD of hosts, and the prophets, "Must I mourn and abstain in the fifth month as I have been doing these many years?" (7:3)
22 Judgment on Israel (Am2:6-16)
2:11 I who raised up prophets among your sons (2:11)
Sending the prophet80 The coronation of the branch (Zc6:9-15)
6:15 you shall know that the LORD of hosts has sent me to you. (6:15)
23 Sin of Israel (Am3:1-15)
3:7 Indeed, the Lord GOD does nothing without revealing his plan to his servants, the prophets. (3:7)
Showing to the prophet79 Eighth vision (Zc6:1-8)
The eighth vision
24 Unbelief of Israel (Am4:1-11)
4:1 Hear this word, women of the mountain of Samaria, you cows of Bashan, You who oppress the weak and abuse the needy; (4:1)
Evil woman78 Sixth and seventh vision (Zc5:1-11)
5:8 "This is Wickedness," he said; and he thrust her inside the bushel, pushing the leaden cover into the opening. (5:8)
25 Seek the LORD (Am4:12-Am5:8)
4:12 prepare to meet your God, O Israel (4:12)
Standing by the LORD77 Fifth vision (Zc4:1-14)
4:14 These are the two anointed who stand by the LORD of the whole earth. (4:14)
26 The day of judgment (Am5:9-17)
5:10 They hate him who reproves at the gate and abhor him who speaks the truth.(5:10)
Judgment76 Fourth vision (Zc3:1-10)
3:2 May the LORD rebuke you, Satan; may the LORD who has chosen Jerusalem rebuke you! (3:2)
27 Festival and justice (Am5:18-27)
5:27 For I will exile you beyond Damascus (5:27)
The captivity75 An appeal to the exiles (Zc2:7-17)
2:10 I scatter you to the four winds of heaven (2:10)
28 Judgment on arrogant people (Am6:1-14)
6:7 Therefore, now they shall be the first to go into exile, and their wanton revelry shall be done away with. (6:7)
Being ashamed of the captivity74 Second vision and third vision (Zc2:1-6)
2:4 Here are the horns that scattered Judah, so that no man raised his head any more (2:4)
29 The first, second and third vision (Am7:1-9)
The first vision of Amos
The first vision73 First vision (Zc1:7-17)
The first vision of Zechariah
30 Amaziah complains to the king (Am7:10-17)
7:13 but never again prophesy in Bethel; for it is the king's sanctuary and a royal temple. (7:13)
Not listening to the prophet72 Israel urged to repent (Zc1:1-6)
1:4 they would not listen or pay attention to me (1:4)
31 The fourth vision (Am8:1-14)
8:8 Shall not the land tremble because of this, and all who dwell in it mourn, While it rises up and tosses like the Nile, and settles back like the river of Egypt?(8:8)
Natural disaster71 God's promise to Zerubbabel (Hg2:20-23)
2:21 I will shake the heavens and the earth;(2:21)
32 The God of whole world (Am9:1-10)
9:8 The eyes of the Lord GOD are on this sinful kingdom (9:8)
Sins of the people70 A rebuke and a promise (Hg2:10-19)
2:14 what they offer there is unclean. (2:14)
33 The restoration of David's kingdom (Am9:11-15)
9:11 On that day I will raise up the fallen hut of David; I will wall up its breaches, raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old,(9:11)
Reconstruction 69 The future glory of the temple (Hg2:1-9)
2:7 I will shake all the nations, and the treasures of all the nations will come in, And I will fill this house with glory (2:7)
34 Book of Obadiah (Ob1:1-21)
1:17 But on Mount Zion there shall be a portion saved; the mountain shall be holy, And the house of Jacob shall take possession of those that dispossessed them.(1:17)
Reconstruction of the temple 68 Beginning of construction (Hg1:12-15)
1:14 they came and set to work on the house of the LORD of hosts, their God, (1:14)
35 Jonah tries to run away from God (Jon1:1-3)
Rebellious Jonah
Rebellious people67 The command to rebuild the temple (Hg1:1-11)
Not rebuilding the temple
36 Jonah's disaster (Jon1:4-16)
Bringing back Jonah
Bringing back66 A song of joy (Zp3:14-20)
3:20 At that time I will bring you home (3:20)
37 A psalm of thanksgiving (Jon2:1-11)
2:5 I am banished from your sight! (2:5)
Sins of prophets65 Punishment and conversion of the nations (Zp3:1-13)
3:4 Her prophets are insolent, treacherous men (3:4)
38 Conversion of Nineveh (Jon3:1-10)
3:4 Forty days more and Nineveh shall be destroyed (3:4)
Destruction of Nineveh64 Judgment on Israel's enemies (Zp2:5-15)
2:13 He will make Nineveh a waste, dry as the desert. (2:13)
39 Jonah is reproved (Jon4:1-11)
4:4 Have you reason to be angry? (4:4)
Anger of people / the LORD63 The great day of the LORD (Zp2:1-4)
2:2 there comes upon you the blazing anger of the LORD (2:2)
40 Judgment pronounced against Samaria (Mi1:1-7)
1:5 For the crime of Jacob all this comes to pass (1:5)
Perish caused by sins62 The coming judgment on Judah (Zp1:1-18)
1:9 I will punish, on that day, all who leap over the threshold, Who fill the house of their master with violence and deceit.(1:9)
41 The doom of the cities of Judah (Mi1:8-16)
1:9 There is no remedy for the blow she has been struck; rather, it has come even to Judah, It reaches to the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem. (1:9)
The day of sufferings61 The prophet's prayer (Hab3:1-19)
3:16 I hear, and my body trembles; at the sound, my lips quiver. Decay invades my bones, my legs tremble beneath me. I await the day of distress that will come upon the people who attack us. (3:16)
42 Social evils denounced (Mi2:1-13)
2:1 Woe to those who plan iniquity, and work out evil on their couches (2:1)
Woe to evil people60 The woes of the wicked (Hab2:6b-20)
2:9 Woe to him who pursues evil gain for his household, setting his nest on high to escape the reach of misfortune! (2:9)
43 Wicked rulers and prophets (Mi3:1-12)
3:4 When they cry to the LORD, he shall not answer them (3:4)
Crying for salvation of the LORD59 The prophet's complaint (Hab1:1-2:6a)
1:2 I cry for help but you do not listen! (1:2)
44 Restoration promised after exile (Mi4:1-14)
4:10 Writhe in pain, grow faint, O daughter Zion, like a woman in travail; For now shall you go forth from the city and dwell in the fields; To Babylon shall you go, there shall you be rescued. There shall the LORD redeem you from the hand of your enemies.(4:10)
Cities in the captivity58 Judgment on Nineveh (Na3:7-19)
3:10 Yet even she went captive into exile, even her little ones were dashed to pieces at the corner of every street; For her nobles they cast lots, and all her great men were put into chains. (3:10)
45 The ruler from Bethlehem (Mi5:1-8)
5:7 Like a lion among beasts of the forest, like a young lion among flocks of sheep (5:7)
Lions57 Ruin imminent and inevitable (Na2:12-Na3:6)
2:12 Where is the lions' cave, the young lions' den, Where the lion went in and out(2:12)
46 The future role of the remnant (Mi5:9-14)
5:13 I will tear out the sacred poles from your midst, and destroy your cities. (5:13)
Destruction of cities56 The destruction of the wicked city (Na2:4-11)
2:11 Emptiness, desolation, waste; melting hearts and trembling knees, Writhing in every frame, every face blanched! (2:11)
47 God challenges Israel (Mi6:1-8)
6:1 Arise, present your plea before the mountains, and let the hills hear your voice! (6:1)
News on the mountains55 Good news for Judah (Na2:1-3)
2:1 See, upon the mountains there advances the bearer of good news, announcing peace! (2:1)
48 Cheating and violence to be punished (Mi6:9-16)
6:16 You have kept the decrees of Omri, and all the works of the house of Ahab, and you have walked in their counsels; Therefore I will deliver you up to ruin, and your citizens to derision; and you shall bear the reproach of the nations.(6:16)
Rewards of idolatry54 Breaking the yoke (Na1:12-14 )
1:14 no descendant shall come to bear your name; From your temple I will abolish the carved and the molten image; I will make your grave a mockery.(1:14)
49 The total corruption of the people (Mi7:1-8)
7:2 The faithful are gone from the earth, among men the upright are no more! They all lie in wait to shed blood, each one ensnares the other. (7:2)
Evil people53 Evil plot (Na1:9-11)
1:11 From you he came who devised evil against the LORD, the scoundrel planner.(1:11)
50 Penitence and trust in God (Mi7:9-13)
7:9 The wrath of the LORD I will endure (7:9)
The wrath of the LORD52 The consuming wrath of God (Na1:1-8)
1:2 A jealous and avenging God is the LORD, an avenger is the LORD, and angry; The LORD brings vengeance on his adversaries, and lays up wrath for his enemies;(1:2)

Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

Creative Commons License
Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Caution: The copyright of the cited Bible verses belongs to each translator and publisher.

Comments