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Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Books of Minor Prophets

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of divided by 2


2-1

1 The family of Hosea (Ho1:1-Ho2:3)
  2 Betrayal of Israel (Ho2:4-15)
    3 Salvation of Israel (Ho2:16-25)
      4 Further assurance of God's redeeming love (Ho3:1-5)
        5 The idolatry of Israel (Ho4:1-Ho5:7)
          6 Sin and punishment of war (Ho5:8-Ho6:11)
            7 Futile reliance on the nations (Ho7:1-12)
              8 Israel's apostasy (Ho7:13-Ho8:14)
                9 Sin at Baal-peor and Gilgal (Ho9:1-17)
                  10 Israel's sin and captivity (Ho10:1-15)
                    11 God's compassion despite Israel's ingratitude (Ho11:1-11)
                      12 The history of rebellion (Ho12:1-14_Ho14:1)
                        13 Assurance of forgiveness (Ho14:2-10)
                          14 Lamentation over the ruin of the country (Jl1:1-12)
                            15 The day of the LORD is coming (Jl1:13-Jl2:14)
                              16 God's response and promise (Jl2:15-27)
                                17 God's spirit poured out (Jl3:1-5)
                                  18 Vengeance of the LORD (Jl4:1-8)
                                    19 Judgment in the valley of Jehoshaphat (Jl4:9-17)
                                      20 The glorious future of Judah (Jl4:18-21)
                                        21 Judgment on nations (Am1:1-Am2:5)
                                          22 Judgment on Israel (Am2:6-16)
                                            23 Sin of Israel (Am3:1-15)
                                              24 Unbelief of Israel (Am4:1-11)
                                                25 Seek the LORD (Am4:12-Am5:8)
                                                  26 The day of judgment (Am5:9-17)
                                                27 Festival and justice (Am5:18-27)
                                              28 Judgment on arrogant people (Am6:1-14)
                                            29 The first, second and third vision (Am7:1-9)
                                          30 Amaziah complains to the king (Am7:10-17)
                                        31 The fourth vision (Am8:1-14)
                                      32 The God of whole world (Am9:1-10)
                                    33 The restoration of David's kingdom (Am9:11-15)
                                  34 Book of Obadiah (Ob1:1-21)
                                35 Jonah tries to run away from God (Jon1:1-3)
                              36 Jonah's disaster (Jon1:4-16)
                            37 A psalm of thanksgiving (Jon2:1-11)
                          38 Conversion of Nineveh (Jon3:1-10)
                        39 Jonah is reproved (Jon4:1-11)
                      40 Judgment pronounced against Samaria (Mi1:1-7)
                    41 The doom of the cities of Judah (Mi1:8-16)
                  42 Social evils denounced (Mi2:1-13)
                43 Wicked rulers and prophets (Mi3:1-12)
              44 Restoration promised after exile (Mi4:1-14)
            45 The ruler from Bethlehem (Mi5:1-8)
          46 The future role of the remnant (Mi5:9-14)
        47 God challenges Israel (Mi6:1-8)
      48 Cheating and violence to be punished (Mi6:9-16)
    49 The total corruption of the people (Mi7:1-8)
  50 Penitence and trust in God (Mi7:9-13)
51 God's compassion and steadfast love (Mi7:14-20)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 The family of Hosea (Ho1:1-Ho2:3)
1:7 Yet for the house of Judah I feel pity (1:7)
The pity of the LORD51 God's compassion and steadfast love (Mi7:14-20)
7:19 And will again have compassion on us (7:19)
2 Betrayal of Israel (Ho2:4-15)
2:12 So now I will lay bare her shame (2:12)
Being ashamed50 Penitence and trust in God (Mi7:9-13)
7:10 When my enemy sees this, shame shall cover her (7:10)
3 Salvation of Israel (Ho2:16-25)
2:21 I will espouse you to me forever: I will espouse you in right and in justice, in love and in mercy;(2:21)
Justice and mercy49 The total corruption of the people (Mi7:1-8)
7:2 The faithful are gone from the earth, among men the upright are no more! They all lie in wait to shed blood, each one ensnares the other. (7:2)
4 Further assurance of God's redeeming love (Ho3:1-5)
3:1 Give your love to a woman beloved of a paramour, an adultress; Even as the LORD loves the people of Israel (3:1)
Sufferings48 Cheating and violence to be punished (Mi6:9-16)
6:10 Am I to bear any longer criminal hoarding and the meager ephah that is accursed? (6:10)
5 The idolatry of Israel (Ho4:1-Ho5:7)
4:1 the LORD has a grievance against the inhabitants of the land (4:1)
Accusation by the LORD47 God challenges Israel (Mi6:1-8)
6:2 the LORD has a plea against his people, and he enters into trial with Israel. (6:2)
6 Sin and punishment of war (Ho5:8-Ho6:11)
5:9 Ephraim shall become a waste on the day of chastisement (5:9)
The day of the LORD46 The future role of the remnant (Mi5:9-14)
5:9 On that day, says the LORD, I will destroy the horses from your midst and ruin your chariots;(5:9)
7 Futile reliance on the nations (Ho7:1-12)
7:10 they do not come back to the LORD (7:10)
Not returning / returning to the LORD45 The ruler from Bethlehem (Mi5:1-8)
5:2 the rest of his brethren shall return to the children of Israel. (5:2)
8 Israel's apostasy (Ho7:13-Ho8:14)
8:8 Israel is swallowed up; he is now among the nations a thing of no value. (8:8)
Invasion of the nations44 Restoration promised after exile (Mi4:1-14)
4:11 How many nations are gathered against you! (4:11)
9 Sin at Baal-peor and Gilgal (Ho9:1-17)
9:7 The prophet is a fool, the man of the spirit is mad! (9:7)
Prophets43 Wicked rulers and prophets (Mi3:1-12)
3:5 Thus says the LORD regarding the prophets who lead my people astray (3:5)
10 Israel's sin and captivity (Ho10:1-15)
10:13 But you have cultivated wickedness, reaped perversity, and eaten the fruit of falsehood. (10:13)
Injustice42 Social evils denounced (Mi2:1-13)
2:1 Woe to those who plan iniquity, and work out evil on their couches (2:1)
11 God's compassion despite Israel's ingratitude (Ho11:1-11)
11:8 How could I give you up, O Ephraim, or deliver you up, O Israel? How could I treat you as Admah, or make you like Zeboiim? My heart is overwhelmed, my pity is stirred.(11:8)
Lament41 The doom of the cities of Judah (Mi1:8-16)
1:8 For this reason I lament and wail, I go barefoot and naked; I utter lamentation like the jackals, and mourning like the ostriches. (1:8)
12 The history of rebellion (Ho12:1-14_Ho14:1)
12:1 Ephraim has surrounded me with lies, the house of Israel, with deceit; Judah is still rebellious against God, against the Holy One, who is faithful. (12:1)
Idolatry40 Judgment pronounced against Samaria (Mi1:1-7)
1:7 All her idols shall be broken to pieces, all her wages shall be burned in the fire, and all her statues I will destroy (1:7)
13 Assurance of forgiveness (Ho14:2-10)
14:5 I will love them freely (14:5)
The love of the LORD39 Jonah is reproved (Jon4:1-11)
4:11 And should I not be concerned over Nineveh, the great city, in which there are more than a hundred and twenty thousand persons who cannot distinguish their right hand from their left, not to mention the many cattle? (4:11)
14 Lamentation over the ruin of the country (Jl1:1-12)
1:8 Lament like a virgin girt with sackcloth (1:8)
Sackcloth38 Conversion of Nineveh (Jon3:1-10)
3:5 they proclaimed a fast and all of them, great and small, put on sackcloth. (3:5)
15 The day of the LORD is coming (Jl1:13-Jl2:14)
1:19 To you, O LORD, I cry! (1:19)
Calling for the LORD37 A psalm of thanksgiving (Jon2:1-11)
2:3 Out of my distress I called to the LORD, and he answered me (2:3)
16 God's response and promise (Jl2:15-27)
2:25 I will repay you for the years which the locust has eaten, The grasshopper, the devourer, and the cutter, my great army which I sent among you. (2:25)
End of disasters36 Jonah's disaster (Jon1:4-16)
1:15 Then they took Jonah and threw him into the sea, and the sea's raging abated. (1:15)
17 God's spirit poured out (Jl3:1-5)
3:1 Your sons and daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions;(3:1)
Prophecy35 Jonah tries to run away from God (Jon1:1-3)
1:1 This is the word of the LORD that came to Jonah, son of Amittai: (1:1)
18 Vengeance of the LORD (Jl4:1-8)
4:5 You took my silver and my gold, and brought my precious treasures into your temples! (4:5)
Ruin the temple34 Book of Obadiah (Ob1:1-21)
1:11 On the day when you stood by, on the day when aliens carried off his possessions, And strangers entered his gates and cast lots over Jerusalem, you too were one of them.(1:11)
19 Judgment in the valley of Jehoshaphat (Jl4:9-17)
4:13 Apply the sickle, for the harvest is ripe (4:13)
Harvest 33 The restoration of David's kingdom (Am9:11-15)
9:13 When the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the vintager, him who sows the seed (9:13)
20 The glorious future of Judah (Jl4:18-21)
4:21 I will avenge their blood, and not leave it unpunished. (4:21)
Blood revenge32 The God of whole world (Am9:1-10)
9:10 By the sword shall all sinners among my people die, those who say, "Evil will not reach or overtake us." (9:10)
21 Judgment on nations (Am1:1-Am2:5)
1:3 For three crimes of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke my word (1:3)
Reward for sins 31 The fourth vision (Am8:1-14)
8:7 The LORD has sworn by the pride of Jacob: Never will I forget a thing they have done!(8:7)
22 Judgment on Israel (Am2:6-16)
2:6 For three crimes of Israel, and for four, I will not revoke my word (2:6)
Prophecy for Israel30 Amaziah complains to the king (Am7:10-17)
7:15 Go, prophesy to my people Israel. (7:15)
23 Sin of Israel (Am3:1-15)
3:7 Indeed, the Lord GOD does nothing without revealing his plan to his servants, the prophets. (3:7)
Showing to the prophet29 The first, second and third vision (Am7:1-9)
The three visions
24 Unbelief of Israel (Am4:1-11)
4:4 Come to Bethel and sin, to Gilgal, and sin the more; Each morning bring your sacrifices, every third day, your tithes;(4:4)
Accusation of sins28 Judgment on arrogant people (Am6:1-14)
6:3 You would put off the evil day, yet you hasten the reign of violence! (6:3)
25 Seek the LORD (Am4:12-Am5:8)
5:5 For Gilgal shall be led into exile (5:5)
The captivity27 Festival and justice (Am5:18-27)
5:27 I will exile you beyond Damascus (5:27)

2-2

51 God's compassion and steadfast love (Mi7:14-20)
  52 The consuming wrath of God (Na1:1-8)
    53 Evil plot (Na1:9-11)
      54 Breaking the yoke (Na1:12-14 )
        55 Good news for Judah (Na2:1-3)
          56 The destruction of the wicked city (Na2:4-11)
            57 Ruin imminent and inevitable (Na2:12-Na3:6)
              58 Judgment on Nineveh (Na3:7-19)
                59 The prophet's complaint (Hab1:1-2:6a)
                  60 The woes of the wicked (Hab2:6b-20)
                    61 The prophet's prayer (Hab3:1-19)
                      62 The coming judgment on Judah (Zp1:1-18)
                        63 The great day of the LORD (Zp2:1-4)
                          64 Judgment on Israel's enemies (Zp2:5-15)
                            65 Punishment and conversion of the nations (Zp3:1-13)
                              66 A song of joy (Zp3:14-20)
                                67 The command to rebuild the temple (Hg1:1-11)
                                  68 Beginning of construction (Hg1:12-15)
                                    69 The future glory of the temple (Hg2:1-9)
                                      70 A rebuke and a promise (Hg2:10-19)
                                        71 God's promise to Zerubbabel (Hg2:20-23)
                                          72 Israel urged to repent (Zc1:1-6)
                                            73 First vision (Zc1:7-17)
                                              74 Second vision and third vision (Zc2:1-6)
                                                75 An appeal to the exiles (Zc2:7-17)
                                                  76 Fourth vision (Zc3:1-10)
                                                77 Fifth vision (Zc4:1-14)
                                              78 Sixth and seventh vision (Zc5:1-11)
                                            79 Eighth vision (Zc6:1-8)
                                          80 The coronation of the branch (Zc6:9-15)
                                        81 Question of prophet (Zc7:1-7)
                                      82 Punishment for rejecting God's demands (Zc7:8-14)
                                    83 The promise about Zion (Zc8:1-8)
                                  84 The seed of peace (Zc8:9-13)
                                85 Judgment for peace (Zc8:14-17)
                              86 Joyful fasting (Zc8:18-23)
                            87 Judgment on Israel's enemies (Zc9:1-8)
                          88 The coming ruler of God's people (Zc9:9-Zc11:3)
                        89 Two kinds of shepherds (Zc11:4-17)
                      90 Jerusalem's victory (Zc12:1-6)
                    91 Mourning for the pierced one (Zc12:7-14)
                  92 Idolatry cut off (Zc13:1-6)
                93 The shepherd struck, the flock scattered (Zc13:7-9)
              94 The day of the LORD is coming (Zc14:1-7)
            95 Fight in Jerusalem (Zc14:8-19)
          96 Final victory (Zc14:20-21)
        97 Corruption of the priesthood (Ml1:1-13)
      98 Exhortation to priests (Ml1:14-Ml2:9)
    99 Do not betray (Ml2:10-16)
  100 The coming messenger (Ml2:17-Ml3:15)
101 The day of the LORD (Ml3:16-24)
Former halfRelationLatter half
51 God's compassion and steadfast love (Mi7:14-20)
7:19 And will again have compassion on us (7:19)
The pity of the LORD101 The day of the LORD (Ml3:16-24)
3:17 I will have compassion on them, as a man has compassion on his son who serves him. (3:17)
52 The consuming wrath of God (Na1:1-8)
1:6 His fury is poured out like fire (1:6)
Anger like fire100 The coming messenger (Ml2:17-Ml3:15)
3:2 he is like the refiner's fire, or like the fuller's lye. (3:2)
53 Evil plot (Na1:9-11)
1:11 From you he came who devised evil against the LORD, the scoundrel planner.(1:11)
Betrayal against the LORD99 Do not betray (Ml2:10-16)
2:11 Judah has broken faith; an abominable thing has been done in Israel and in Jerusalem. (2:11)
54 Breaking the yoke (Na1:12-14 )
1:14 no descendant shall come to bear your name (1:14)
Descendants98 Exhortation to priests (Ml1:14-Ml2:9)
2:3 I will rebuke your offspring (2:3)
55 Good news for Judah (Na2:1-3)
2:1 O Judah, fulfill your vows! For nevermore shall you be invaded by the scoundrel; he is completely destroyed. (2:1)
Offerings97 Corruption of the priesthood (Ml1:1-13)
1:7 By offering polluted food on my altar! (1:7)
56 The destruction of the wicked city (Na2:4-11)
2:11 Emptiness, desolation, waste; melting hearts and trembling knees, Writhing in every frame, every face blanched! (2:11)
Destruction / restoration of cities96 Final victory (Zc14:20-21)
14:21 And every pot in Jerusalem and in Judah shall be holy to the LORD of hosts; and all who come to sacrifice shall take them and cook in them. On that day there shall no longer be any merchant in the house of the LORD of hosts.(14:21)
57 Ruin imminent and inevitable (Na2:12-Na3:6)
2:14I will consume in smoke your chariots, and the sword shall devour your young lions; Your preying on the land I will bring to an end, the cry of your lionesses shall be heard no more.(2:14)
Perish of the nations95 Fight in Jerusalem (Zc14:8-19)
14:12 And this shall be the plague with which the LORD shall strike all the nations that have fought against Jerusalem (14:12)
58 Judgment on Nineveh (Na3:7-19)
3:10 Yet even she went captive into exile (3:10)
The captivity94 The day of the LORD is coming (Zc14:1-7)
14:2 half of the city shall go into exile (14:2)
59 The prophet's complaint (Hab1:1-2:6a)
1:12 O LORD you have marked him for judgment, O Rock , you have readied him for punishment!(1:12)
Admonition93 The shepherd struck, the flock scattered (Zc13:7-9)
13:9 I will bring the one third through fire, and I will refine them as silver is refined, and I will test them as gold is tested. (13:9)
60 The woes of the wicked (Hab2:6b-20)
2:19 Woe to him who says to wood, "Awake!" to dumb stone, "Arise!" Can such a thing give oracles? (2:19)
Idolatry92 Idolatry cut off (Zc13:1-6)
13:2 I will destroy the names of the idols from the land, so that they shall be mentioned no more (13:2)
61 The prophet's prayer (Hab3:1-19)
3:13 You come forth to save your people, to save your anointed one(3:13)
Salvation91 Mourning for the pierced one (Zc12:7-14)
12:7 The LORD shall save the tents of Judah first (12:7)
62 The coming judgment on Judah (Zp1:1-18)
1:18 When in the fire of his jealousy all the earth shall be consumed. (1:18)
Burned out 90 Jerusalem's victory (Zc12:1-6)
12:6 On that day I will make the princes of Judah like a brazier of fire in the woodland, and like a burning torch among sheaves, and they shall devour right and left all the surrounding peoples; (12:6)
63 The great day of the LORD (Zp2:1-4)
2:4 Here are the horns that scattered Judah, so that no man raised his head any more; (2:4)
Destruction of cities89 Two kinds of shepherds (Zc11:4-17)
11:16 For I will raise up a shepherd in the land who will take no note of those that perish, nor seek the strays, nor heal the injured, nor feed what survives--he will eat the flesh of the fat ones and tear off their hoofs! (11:16)
64 Judgment on Israel's enemies (Zp2:5-15)
2:7 the LORD their God shall visit them, and bring about their restoration. (2:7)
Restoration of Judah88 The coming ruler of God's people (Zc9:9-Zc11:3)
10:6 I will strengthen the house of Judah, the house of Joseph I will save; (10:6)
65 Punishment and conversion of the nations (Zp3:1-13)
3:9 For then I will change and purify the lips of the peoples, That they all may call upon the name of the LORD, to serve him with one accord; (3:9)
Belief of the nations87 Judgment on Israel's enemies (Zc9:1-8)
9:1 An oracle: The word of the LORD is upon the land of Hadrach, and Damascus is its resting place, For the cities of Aram are the LORD'S, as are all the tribes of Israel,(9:1)
66 A song of joy (Zp3:14-20)
3:18 I will remove disaster from among you, so that none may recount your disgrace. (3:18)
Salvation for many people86 Joyful fasting (Zc8:18-23)
8:22 Many peoples and strong nations shall come to seek the LORD of hosts in Jerusalem and to implore the favor of the LORD. (8:22)
67 The command to rebuild the temple (Hg1:1-11)
1:11 And I called for a drought upon the land and upon the mountains; (1:11)
Disaster of the LORD85 Judgment for peace (Zc8:14-17)
8:14 As I determined to harm you when your fathers provoked me to wrath (8:14)
68 Beginning of construction (Hg1:12-15)
1:14 they came and set to work on the house of the LORD of hosts, their God, (1:14)
Reconstruction of the temple84 The seed of peace (Zc8:9-13)
8:9 on the day when the foundation of the house of the LORD of hosts was laid for the building of the temple. (8:9)
69 The future glory of the temple (Hg2:1-9)
2:4 For I am with you, says the LORD of hosts. (2:4)
The LORD dwells with the people83 The promise about Zion (Zc8:1-8)
8:3 I will dwell within Jerusalem (8:3)
70 A rebuke and a promise (Hg2:10-19)
2:11 Ask the priests for a decision: (2:11)
The teachings82 Punishment for rejecting God's demands (Zc7:8-14)
7:12 And they made their hearts diamondhard so as not to hear the teaching and the message that the LORD of hosts had sent by his spirit through the former prophets. (7:12)
71 God's promise to Zerubbabel (Hg2:20-23)
2:23 I will set you as a signet ring; for I have chosen you, says the LORD of hosts.(2:23)
Justified / not justified by the LORD81 Question of prophet (Zc7:1-7)
7:6 And when you were eating and drinking, was it not for yourselves that you ate, and for yourselves that you drank? (7:6)
72 Israel urged to repent (Zc1:1-6)
1:3 Return to me, and I will return to you (1:3)
If you heed the voice of the LORD80 The coronation of the branch (Zc6:9-15)
6:15 if you heed carefully the voice of the LORD your God. . . .(6:15)
73 First vision (Zc1:7-17)
The first vision
The vision about horse79 Eighth vision (Zc6:1-8)
The eighth vision
74 Second vision and third vision (Zc2:1-6)
The second and third visions
The two visions78 Sixth and seventh vision (Zc5:1-11)
The sixth and seventh visions
75 An appeal to the exiles (Zc2:7-17)
2:15 you shall know that the LORD of hosts has sent me to you. (2:15)
The LORD of hosts has sent the prophet77 Fifth vision (Zc4:1-14)
4:9 you shall know that the LORD of hosts has sent me to you. (4:9)

Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

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Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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