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Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Book of Genesis

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of divided by 2

This central pericope (no. 41, Gen. 26:15-25) regarding Isaac's covenant also becomes the divisional fulcrum of the whole text. Those parts that precede it (pericopes nos. 1 to 41) and follow it (pericopes nos. 41 to 81) constitute concentric structures composed of pericopes. The parts that precede Isaac's covenant are largely composed of stories about the Hebrews' search for the Promised Land, while those that follow it depict stories from after they have reached the Promised Land. In those two concentric structures, the covenants of Abraham (pericope no. 21, Gen. 17:1-27) and Jacob (no. 61, Gen. 26:15-25) are the respective divisional points in each half of the text of Genesis.
This structure would emphasize that the Promised land had been given by the contract with the Lord.


2-1

1 Six Days of Creation and the Sabbath (1:1-2:4a)
  2 The Garden of Eden (2:4b-17)
    3 Creation of Woman (2:18-25)
      4 The First Sin and Its Punishment (3:1-24)
        5 Cain Murders Abel (4:1-26)
          6 Adam's Descendants to Noah and His Sons (5:1-32)
            7 The Great Flood (6:1-8:22)
              8 The Covenant with Noah (9:1-17)
                9 Noah and His Sons (9:18-29)
                  10 Nations Descended from Noah (10:1-32)
                    11 The Tower of Babel (11:1-9)
                      12 Descendants of Shem (11:10-26)
                        13 Descendants of Terah (11:27-32)
                          14 The Call of Abram (12:1-9)
                            15 Abram and Sarai in Egypt (12:10-20)
                              16 Abram and Lot Separate (13:1-18)
                                17 Lot's Captivity (14:1-12)
                                  18 Abram and Melchizedek (14:13-24)
                                    19 God's Covenant with Abram (15:1-21)
                                      20 The Birth of Ishmael (16:1-16)
                                        21 The Sign of the Covenant (17:1-27)
                                      22 A Son Promised to Abraham and Sarah (18:1-15)
                                    23 Judgment Pronounced on Sodom (18:16-33)
                                  24 The Depravity of Sodom (19:1-11)
                                25 Sodom and Gomorrah Destroyed (19:12-29)
                              26 The Shameful Origin of Moab and Ammon (19:30-38)
                            27 Abraham and Sarah at Gerar (20:1-18)
                          28 The Birth of Isaac (21:1-8)
                        29 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away (21:9-21)
                      30 The Covenant of Abram and Abimelech (21:22-34)
                    31 The Command to Sacrifice Isaac (22:1-19)
                  32 The Children of Nahor (22:20-24)
                33 Sarah's Death and Burial (23:1-20)
              34 The Marriage of Isaac and Rebekah (24:1-67)
            35 Abraham Marries Keturah (25:1-6)
          36 The Death of Abraham (25:7-11)
        37 Ishmael's Descendants (25:12-18)
      38 The Birth and Youth of Esau and Jacob (25:19-28)
    39 Esau Sells His Birthright (25:29-34)
  40 Isaac and Abimelech (26:1-14)
41 Trouble with Wells, Covenant with God (26:15-25)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 Six Days of Creation and the Sabbath (1:1-2:4a)
1:28"Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and all the living things that move on the earth."
Be multiply41 Trouble with Wells, Covenant with God (26:15-25)
26:24I will bless you and multiply your descendants for the sake of my servant Abraham."
1 Six Days of Creation and the Sabbath (1:1-2:4a)
2:3So God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work he had done in creation.
Blessing of the God41 Trouble with Wells, Covenant with God (26:15-25)
1 Six Days of Creation and the Sabbath (1:1-2:4a)
1:29"See, I give you every seed-bearing plant all over the earth and every tree that has seed-bearing fruit on it to be your food;
The God gives to human41 Trouble with Wells, Covenant with God (26:15-25)
26:22 "The LORD has now given us ample room, and we shall flourish in the land."
2 The Garden of Eden (2:4b-17)
2:17From that tree you shall not eat; the moment you eat from it you are surely doomed to die."
Avoiding death(mut)40 Isaac and Abimelech (26:1-14)
26:9"I thought I might lose my life on her account."
3 Creation of Woman (2:18-25)
2:19 So the LORD God formed out of the ground various wild animals and various birds of the air, and he brought them to the man to see what he would call them; whatever the man called each of them would be its name.(2:19)
Naming39 Esau Sells His Birthright (25:29-34)
25:30 He said to Jacob, "Let me gulp down some of that red stuff; I'm starving." (That is why he was called Edom.)(25:30)
4 The First Sin and Its Punishment (3:1-24)
3:16Yet your urge shall be for your husband, and he shall be your master."
Prophecy about master and servant38 The Birth and Youth of Esau and Jacob (25:19-28)
25:23But one shall surpass the other, and the older shall serve the younger."
4 The First Sin and Its Punishment (3:1-24)
3:15He will strike at your head, while you strike at his heel."
Heel (strike/grip)38 The Birth and Youth of Esau and Jacob (25:19-28)
25:26His brother came out next, gripping Esau's heel; so they named him Jacob.
5 Cain Murders Abel (4:1-26)
Descendants of Cain
Collateral descendants37 Ishmael's Descendants (25:12-18)
Descendants of Ishmael
6 Adam's Descendants to Noah and His Sons (5:1-32)
5:5The whole lifetime of Adam was nine hundred and thirty years; then he died.
Description of whole life36 The Death of Abraham (25:7-11)
25:7The whole span of Abraham's life was one hundred and seventy-five years.
7 The Great Flood (6:1-8:22)
6:7"I will wipe out from the earth the men whom I have created,
Wiped out from a land35 Abraham Marries Keturah (25:1-6)
25:6To his sons by concubinage, however, he made grants while he was still living, as he sent them away eastward, to the land of Kedem, away from his son Isaac.
7 The Great Flood (6:1-8:22)
6:4At that time the Nephilim appeared on earth (as well as later), after the sons of heaven had intercourse with the daughters of man, who bore them sons. They were the heroes of old, the men of renown.
Not preferable descendants35 Abraham Marries Keturah (25:1-6)
25:1Abraham married another wife, whose name was Keturah. 25:2She bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.
8 The Covenant with Noah (9:1-17)
9:9"See, I am now establishing my covenant with you and your descendants after you
Covenant including descendants34 The Marriage of Isaac and Rebekah (24:1-67)
24:7"The LORD, the God of heaven, who took me from my father's house and the land of my kin, and who confirmed by oath the promise he then made to me, 'I will give this land to your descendants'--
9 Noah and His Sons (9:18-29)
9:27May God expand Japheth, so that he dwells among the tents of Shem; and let Canaan be his slave."
Gaining a land33 Sarah's Death and Burial (23:1-20)
23:17Thus Ephrons field in Machpelah, facing Mamre, together with its cave and all the trees anywhere within its limits, was conveyed 23:18to Abraham by purchase in the presence of all the Hittites who sat on Ephrons town council.
9 Noah and His Sons (9:18-29)
9:28Noah lived three hundred and fifty years after the flood. 9:29The whole lifetime of Noah was nine hundred and fifty years; then he died.
Description of whole life33 Sarah's Death and Burial (23:1-20)
23:1The span of Sarah's life was one hundred and twenty-seven years.
10 Nations Descended from Noah (10:1-32)
10:1These are the descendants of Noahs sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth,
List of children32 The Children of Nahor (22:20-24)
22:20 Milcah too has borne sons, to your brother Nahor:
11 The Tower of Babel (11:1-9)
11:5LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the men had built. 11:6Then the LORD said: "If now, while they are one people, all speaking the same language, they have started to do this, nothing will later stop them from doing whatever they presume to do. 11:7Let us then go down and there confuse their language, so that one will not understand what another says."
From heaven, arrogance and humilities of human31 The Command to Sacrifice Isaac (22:1-19)
22:11But the LORD'S messenger called to him from heaven, "Abraham, Abraham!" "Yes, Lord," he answered. 22:12"Do not lay your hand on the boy," said the messenger. "Do not do the least thing to him. I know now how devoted you are to God, since you did not withhold from me your own beloved son."
12 Descendants of Shem (11:10-26)
Genealogy of Shem(11:10-26)
Line of descendants30 The Covenant of Abram and Abimelech (21:22-34)
21:23Therefore, swear to me by God at this place that you will not deal falsely with me or with my progeny and posterity,
13 Descendants of Terah (11:27-32)
11:31Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot, son of Haran, and his daughter-in-law Sarai, the wife of his son Abram, and brought them out of Ur of the Chaldeans, to go to the land of Canaan. But when they reached Haran, they settled there.
Departure29 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away (21:9-21)
21:14Early the next morning Abraham got some bread and a skin of water and gave them to Hagar. Then, placing the child on her back, he sent her away.
13 Descendants of Terah (11:27-32)
11:29Abram and Nahor took wives; the name of Abram's wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor's wife was Milcah,
Marriage29 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away (21:9-21)
21:21with his home in the wilderness of Paran. His mother got a wife for him from the land of Egypt.
14 The Call of Abram (12:1-9)
12:2"I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great, so that you will be a blessing.
Promise of the Lord28 The Birth of Isaac (21:1-8)
21:1The LORD took note of Sarah as he had said he would; he did for her as he had promised. 21:2Sarah became pregnant and bore Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time that God had stated.
15 Abram and Sarai in Egypt (12:10-20)
12:13Please say, therefore, that you are my sister, so that it may go well with me on your account and my life may be spared for your sake."
Wife is camouflaged to sister27 Abraham and Sarah at Gerar (20:1-18)
20:2he said of his wife Sarah, "She is my sister." So Abimelech, king of Gerar, sent and took Sarah.
16 Abram and Lot Separate (13:1-18)
13:11Lot, therefore, chose for himself the whole Jordan Plain and set out eastward. Thus they separated from each other;
Migration of Lot26 The Shameful Origin of Moab and Ammon (19:30-38)
19:30Since Lot was afraid to stay in Zoar, he and his two daughters went up from Zoar and settled in the hill country, where he lived with his two daughters in a cave.
17 Lot's Captivity (14:1-12)
14:12taking with them Abram's nephew Lot, who had been living in Sodom, as well as his possessions.
Going out of Sodom25 Sodom and Gomorrah Destroyed (19:12-29)
19:16the men, by the LORD'S mercy, seized his hand and the hands of his wife and his two daughters and led them to safety outside the city.
18 Abram and Melchizedek (14:13-24)
14:17When Abram returned from his victory over Chedorlaomer and the kings who were allied with him, the king of Sodom went out to greet him in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the Kings Valley). 14:18 Melchizedek, king of Salem, brought out bread and wine,
Serving bread24 The Depravity of Sodom (19:1-11)
19:3He urged them so strongly, however, that they turned aside to his place and entered his house. He prepared a meal for them, baking cakes without leaven, and they dined.
19 God's Covenant with Abram (15:1-21)
15:16the wickedness of the Amorites will not have reached its full measure until then."
Sin of pagans23 Judgment Pronounced on Sodom (18:16-33)
18:20"The outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great, and their sin so grave,
19 God's Covenant with Abram (15:1-21)
15:14But I will bring judgment on the nation they must serve,
Judgement by the Lord23 Judgment Pronounced on Sodom (18:16-33)
18:25Should not the judge of all the world act with justice?"
19 God's Covenant with Abram (15:1-21)
15:5"Look up at the sky and count the stars, if you can. Just so," he added, "shall your descendants be."
Blessing for descendants of Abraham23 Judgment Pronounced on Sodom (18:16-33)
18:18now that he is to become a great and populous nation, and all the nations of the earth are to find blessing in him?
20 The Birth of Ishmael (16:1-16)
16:15Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram named the son whom Hagar bore him Ishmael.
Birth of Abraham's children22 A Son Promised to Abraham and Sarah (18:1-15)
18:10"I will surely return to you about this time next year, and Sarah will then have a son."

2-2

41 Trouble with Wells, Covenant with God (26:15-25)
  42 Covenant with Abimelech (26:26-33)
    43 Esau's Hittite Wives (26:34-35)
      44 Jacob Steals the Blessing (27:1-40)
        45 Rebekah Recommends That Jacob Flee (27:41-45)
          46 Jacob Escapes Esau's Fury (27:46-28:9)
            47 Jacob's Dream at Bethel (28:10-22)
              48 Jacob Meets Rachel (29:1-14b)
                49 Jacob Marries Laban's Daughters (29:14c-30)
                  50 Children of Jacob (29:31-30:24)
                    51 Jacob Prospers at Laban's Expense (30:25-43)
                      52 Jacob Flees with Family and Flocks (31:1-21)
                        53 Laban Overtakes Jacob (31:22-42)
                          54 Laban and Jacob Make a Covenant (31:43-54)
                            55 Mahanaim (32:1-13)
                              56 Jacob Sends Presents to Appease Esau (32:14-22)
                                57 Jacob Wrestles at Peniel (32:23-33)
                                  58 Jacob and Esau Meet (33:1-20)
                                    59 The Rape of Dinah (34:1-31)
                                      60 Jacob Returns to Bethel (35:1-8)
                                        61 The Covenant Renewed (35:9-15)
                                      62 Deaths and Birth of a Child (35:16-29)
                                    63 Esau's Descendants (36:1-43)
                                  64 Joseph Dreams of Greatness (37:1-11)
                                65 Joseph Is Sold by His Brothers (37:12-36)
                              66 Judah and Tamar (38:1-30)
                            67 Joseph and Potiphar's Wife (39:1-23)
                          68 Joseph Interprets Dreams (40:1-41:45)
                        69 Children of Joseph (41:46-57)
                      70 Joseph's Brothers' First Trip to Egypt (42:1-38)
                    71 Joseph's Brothers' Second Trip to Egypt (43:1-45:28)
                  72 Jacob Brings His Whole Family to Egypt (46:1-7)
                73 List of Jacob's Family (46:8-27)
              74 Jacob and Pharaoh (46:28-47:12)
            75 The Famine in Egypt (47:13-26)
          76 The Last Days of Jacob (47:27-31)
        77 Jacob Blesses Joseph's Sons (48:1-22)
      78 Jacob's Last Words to His Sons (49:1-28)
    79 Jacob's Death and Burial (49:29-50:14)
  80 Joseph Forgives His Brothers (50:15-21)
81 Joseph's Last Days and Death (50:22-26)
Former halfRelationLatter half
41 Trouble with Wells, Covenant with God (26:15-25)
26:22"The LORD has now given us ample room, and we shall flourish in the land."
The Lord gives the promised land81 Joseph's Last Days and Death (50:22-26)
50:24God will surely take care of you and lead you out of this land to the land that he promised on oath to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob."
42 Covenant with Abimelech (26:26-33)
26:27Isaac asked them, "Why have you come to me, seeing that you hate me and have driven me away from you?" 26:28They answered: "We are convinced that the LORD is with you, so we propose that there be a sworn agreement between our two sides--between you and us. Let us make a pact with you:
Apology and reconciliation80 Joseph Forgives His Brothers (50:15-21)
50:18Then his brothers proceeded to fling themselves down before him and said, "Let us be your slaves!" 50:19But Joseph replied to them: "Have no fear. Can I take the place of God?
43 Esau's Hittite Wives (26:34-35)
26:34When Esau was forty years old, he married Judith, daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath, daughter of Elon the Hivite.
Hittite79 Jacob's Death and Burial (49:29-50:14)
49:29bury me with my fathers in the cave that lies in the field of Ephron the Hittite,
43 Esau's Hittite Wives (26:34-35)
26:35But they became a source of embitterment to Isaac and Rebekah.
Husband and wife79 Jacob's Death and Burial (49:29-50:14)
49:31There Abraham and his wife Sarah are buried, and so are Isaac and his wife Rebekah, and there, too, I buried Leah--
44 Jacob Steals the Blessing (27:1-40)
27:27As Jacob went up and kissed him, Isaac smelled the fragrance of his clothes. With that, he blessed him, saying,
Father blesses his child78 Jacob's Last Words to His Sons (49:1-28)
49:28and this is what their father said about them, as he bade them farewell and gave to each of them an appropriate message.
45 Rebekah Recommends That Jacob Flee (27:41-45)
27:41Esau bore Jacob a grudge because of the blessing his father had given him.
Protest against younger brother's prior blessing77 Jacob Blesses Joseph's Sons (48:1-22)
48:17When Joseph saw that his father had laid his right hand on Ephraim's head, this seemed wrong to him; so he took hold of his father's hand, to remove it from Ephraim's head to Manasseh's,
46 Jacob Escapes Esau's Fury (27:46-28:9)
28:4May he extend to you and your descendants the blessing he gave to Abraham, so that you may gain possession of the land where you are staying, which he assigned to Abraham."
The land of ancestors76 The Last Days of Jacob (47:27-31)
47:30When I lie down with my ancestors, have me taken out of Egypt and buried in their burial place."
46 Jacob Escapes Esau's Fury (27:46-28:9)
28:3May God Almighty bless you and make you fertile, multiply you that you may become an assembly of peoples.
Prosperity of Jacob's descendants76 The Last Days of Jacob (47:27-31)
47:27Thus Israel settled in the land of Egypt, in the region of Goshen. There they acquired property, were fertile, and increased greatly.
47 Jacob's Dream at Bethel (28:10-22)
28:22This stone that I have set up as a memorial stone shall be Gods abode. Of everything you give me, I will faithfully return a tenth part to you."
Offering a part of income75 The Famine in Egypt (47:13-26)
47:24But when the harvest is in, you must give a fifth of it to Pharaoh, while you keep four-fifths as seed for your fields and as food for yourselves and your families (and as food for your children)."
48 Jacob Meets Rachel (29:1-14b)
29:11 Then Jacob kissed Rachel and burst into tears.(29:11)
Awaited encounter74 Jacob and Pharaoh (46:28-47:12)
46:29 Joseph hitched the horses to his chariot and rode to meet his father Israel in Goshen. As soon as he saw him, he flung himself on his neck and wept a long time in his arms.(46:29)
49 Jacob Marries Laban's Daughters (29:14c-30)
Jacob's marriage
Jacob's wives73 List of Jacob's Family (46:8-27)
List of migration to Egypt(46:8-27)
50 Children of Jacob (29:31-30:24)
Birth of Jacobs children(29:31-30:24)
Jacobs children72 Jacob Brings His Whole Family to Egypt (46:1-7)
46:6 They took with them their livestock and the possessions they had acquired in the land of Canaan. Thus Jacob and all his descendants migrated to Egypt.(46:6)
51 Jacob Prospers at Laban's Expense (30:25-43)
30:27"I have learned through divination that it is because of you that God has blessed me.
Divination71 Joseph's Brothers' Second Trip to Egypt (43:1-45:28)
44:5It is the very one from which my master drinks and which he uses for divination.
52 Jacob Flees with Family and Flocks (31:1-21)
31:11In the dream God's messenger called to me, 'Jacob!' 'Here!' I replied. 31:12Then he said: 'Note well. All the he-goats in the flock, as they mate, are streaked, speckled and mottled, for I have seen all the things that Laban has been doing to you. 31:13I am the God who appeared to you in Bethel, where you anointed a memorial stone and made a vow to me. Up, then! Leave this land and return to the land of your birth.'" 31:17Jacob proceeded to put his children and wives on camels, 31:18and he drove off with all his livestock and all the property he had acquired in Paddan-aram, to go to his father Isaac in the land of Canaan.
Dream comes true70 Joseph's Brothers' First Trip to Egypt (42:1-38)
42:9 he was reminded of the dreams he had about them.
53 Laban Overtakes Jacob (31:22-42)
31:42 But God saw my plight and the fruits of my toil, and last night he gave judgment.
The God sees humans agony69 Children of Joseph (41:46-57)
41:52 and the second he named Ephraim, meaning, "God has made me fruitful in the land of my affliction."
54 Laban and Jacob Make a Covenant (31:43-54)
31:44Come, then, we will make a pact, you and I; the LORD shall be a witness between us.
Gaining certification of right68 Joseph Interprets Dreams (40:1-41:45)
41:41Herewith," Pharaoh told Joseph, "I place you in charge of the whole land of Egypt." 41:42 With that, Pharaoh took off his signet ring and put it on Joseph's finger. He had him dressed in robes of fine linen and put a gold chain about his neck.
55 Mahanaim (32:1-13)
32:10 Then he prayed: "O God of my father Abraham and God of my father Isaac! You told me, O LORD, Go back to the land of your birth, and I will be good to you. (32:10)
The LORDs blessing67 Joseph and Potiphar's Wife (39:1-23)
39:5 From the moment that he put him in charge of his household and all his possessions, the LORD blessed the Egyptians house for Josephs sake; in fact, the LORDS blessing was on everything he owned, both inside the house and out.(39:5)
56 Jacob Sends Presents to Appease Esau (32:14-22)
32:14After passing the night there, Jacob selected from what he had with him the following presents for his brother Esau: 32:15two hundred she-goats and twenty he-goats; two hundred ewes and twenty rams; 32:16thirty milch camels and their young; forty cows and ten bulls; twenty she-asses and ten he-asses.
Animal as a gift66 Judah and Tamar (38:1-30)
38:20Judah sent the kid by his friend the Adullamite to recover the pledge from the woman; but he could not find her.
57 Jacob Wrestles at Peniel (32:23-33)
Jacob named the place Peniel, "Because I have seen God face to face," he said, "yet my life has been spared."
Survivor65 Joseph Is Sold by His Brothers (37:12-36)
37:21When Reuben heard this, he tried to save him from their hands, saying: "We must not take his life.
57 Jacob Wrestles at Peniel (32:23-33)
32:30Jacob then asked him, "Do tell me your name, please." He answered, "Why should you want to know my name?" With that, he bade him farewell.
Question65 Joseph Is Sold by His Brothers (37:12-36)
37:15a man met him as he was wandering about in the fields. "What are you looking for?" the man asked him.
58 Jacob and Esau Meet (33:1-20)
33:3He himself went on ahead of them, bowing to the ground seven times, until he reached his brother.
Bowing to brother64 Joseph Dreams of Greatness (37:1-11)
37:7There we were, binding sheaves in the field, when suddenly my sheaf rose to an upright position, and your sheaves formed a ring around my sheaf and bowed down to it."
59 The Rape of Dinah (34:1-31)
34:2When Shechem, son of Hamor the Hivite, who was chief of the region, saw her, he seized her and lay with her by force.
Marriage with Hivite63 Esau's Descendants (36:1-43)
36:2Esau took his wives from among the Canaanite women: Adah, daughter of Elon the Hittite; Oholibamah, granddaughter through Anah of Zibeon the Hivite; 36:3and Basemath, daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth.
60 Jacob Returns to Bethel (35:1-8)
35:8Death came to Rebekah's nurse Deborah; she was buried under the oak below Bethel,
Death and burial of woman62 Deaths and Birth of a Child (35:16-29)
35:19Thus Rachel died; and she was buried on the road to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).

Citations of the Bible are from New American Bible, New Revised Standard Version and New Jerusalem Bible.

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Literary Structure of the Bible by Hajime Murai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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