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Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Gospel of Mark

Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of divided by 2

This central pericope (no. 41, Mark 9:30-32) also becomes the divisional fulcrum of the whole text. Those parts that precede it (pericopes nos. 1 to 41) and follow it (pericopes nos. 41 to 81) constitute concentric structures composed of pericopes. In those two concentric structures, two centers are "Jesus heals the Gerasene demoniac" (pericope no. 21, Mark 5:1-20) and "The destruction of the temple foretold" (no. 61, Mark 13:1-23). These central pericopes are related to the question who Christ is (so called "Messianic Secret"). The former includes confession by the demon, and the latter includes description about false Messiah. These structure emphasize the secret about identity of Jesus.


2-1

1 Prophecy of Isaiah (1:1-3)
  2 Proclamation of John the Baptist (1:4-8)
    3 Preparation for ministry (1:9-13)
      4 The beginning of the Galilean ministry (1:14-15)
        5 Jesus calls the first disciples (1:16-20)
          6 The man with an unclean spirit (1:21-28)
            7 Jesus heals many at Simon's house (1:29-39)
              8 Jesus cleanses a leper (1:40-45)
                9 Jesus heals a paralytic (2:1-12)
                  10 Jesus calls Levi (2:13-17)
                    11 The question about fasting (2:18-22)
                      12 Pronouncement about the sabbath (2:23-28)
                        13 The man with a withered hand (3:1-6)
                          14 A multitude at the seaside (3:7-12)
                            15 Jesus appoints the twelve (3:13-19)
                              16 Jesus and Beelzebul (3:20-30)
                                17 The true kindred of Jesus (3:31-35)
                                  18 The parable of the sower (4:1-20)
                                    19 The parables of the kingdom of God (4:21-34)
                                      20 Jesus stills a storm (4:35-41)
                                        21 Jesus heals the Gerasene demoniac (5:1-20)
                                      22 A girl restored to life and a woman healed (5:21-43)
                                    23 The rejection of Jesus at Nazareth (6:1-6)
                                  24 The mission of the twelve (6:7-13)
                                25 The death of John the Baptist (6:14-29)
                              26 Feeding the five thousand (6:30-44)
                            27 Jesus walks on the water (6:45-53)
                          28 Healing the sick in Gennesaret (6:54-56)
                        29 The tradition on the elders (7:1-23)
                      30 The Syrophoenician woman's faith (7:24-30)
                    31 Jesus cures a deaf man (7:31-37)
                  32 Feeding the four thousand (8:1-10)
                33 The yeast of the Pharisees and of Herod (8:11-21)
              34 Jesus cures a blind man at Bethsaida (8:22-26)
            35 Peter's declaration about Jesus (8:27-30)
          36 Jesus foretells his death and resurrection (8:31-33)
        37 Losing life for Jesus (8:34-38)
      38 A man who not taste death (9:1)
    39 The transfiguration (9:2-13)
  40 The healing of a boy with a spirit (9:14-29)
41 Jesus again foretells his death and resurrection (9:30-32)
Former halfRelationLatter half
1 Prophecy of Isaiah (1:1-3)
As it is written in Isaiah the prophet: "Behold, I am sending my messenger ahead of you; he will prepare your way. 1:3 A voice of one crying out in the desert: 'Prepare the way of the Lord, make straight his paths.'" ( 1:2-3 )
Prophecy about Jesus41 Jesus again foretells his death and resurrection (9:30-32)
He was teaching his disciples and telling them, "The Son of Man is to be handed over to men and they will kill him, and three days after his death he will rise." ( 9:31 )
2 Proclamation of John the Baptist (1:4-8)
I have baptized you with water; he will baptize you with the holy Spirit. ( 1:8 )
Spirit and water40 The healing of a boy with a spirit (9:14-29)
It has often thrown him into fire and into water to kill him. But if you can do anything, have compassion on us and help us." ( 9:22 )
3 Preparation for ministry (1:9-13)
On coming up out of the water he saw the heavens being torn open and the Spirit, like a dove, descending upon him. 1:11 And a voice came from the heavens, "You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased." ( 1:10-11 )
My beloved Son39 The transfiguration (9:2-13)
Then a cloud came, casting a shadow over them; then from the cloud came a voice, "This is my beloved Son. Listen to him." ( 9:7 )
4 The beginning of the Galilean ministry (1:14-15)
1:15 "This is the time of fulfillment. The kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel."
Arrival of kingdom of the God38 A man who not taste death (9:1)
9:1"Amen, I say to you, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see that the kingdom of God has come in power."
5 Jesus calls the first disciples (1:16-20)
1:18 Then they abandoned their nets and followed him.
Abandoning everything and following Jesus37 Losing life for Jesus (8:34-38)
8:34"Whoever wishes to come after me must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me.
6 The man with an unclean spirit (1:21-28)
1:25 Jesus rebuked him and said, "Quiet! Come out of him!" 1:26 The unclean spirit convulsed him and with a loud cry came out of him.
Repelling evils36 Jesus foretells his death and resurrection (8:31-33)
8:33"Get behind me, Satan. You are thinking not as God does, but as human beings do."
7 Jesus heals many at Simon's house (1:29-39)
1:34 He cured many who were sick with various diseases, and he drove out many demons, not permitting them to speak because they knew him.
The secret of Messiah35 Peter's declaration about Jesus (8:27-30)
8:29Peter said to him in reply, "You are the Messiah." 8:30 Then he warned them not to tell anyone about him.
8 Jesus cleanses a leper (1:40-45)
1:41 Moved with pity, he stretched out his hand, touched him, and said to him, "I do will it. Be made clean." (1:41)
Touching and healing34 Jesus cures a blind man at Bethsaida (8:22-26)
8:22 When they arrived at Bethsaida, they brought to him a blind man and begged him to touch him.(8:22)
9 Jesus heals a paralytic (2:1-12)
2:6 Now some of the scribes were sitting there asking themselves,2:7 "Why does this man speak that way? He is blaspheming. Who but God alone can forgive sins?"(2:6-7)
Antipathy of the Pharisees33 The yeast of the Pharisees and of Herod (8:11-21)
8:11 The Pharisees came forward and began to argue with him, seeking from him a sign from heaven to test him.(8:11)
10 Jesus calls Levi (2:13-17)
2:15 While he was at table in his house, many tax collectors and sinners sat with Jesus and his disciples; for there were many who followed him.(2:15)
Dinner with many people32 Feeding the four thousand (8:1-10)
miracle of feeding
11 The question about fasting (2:18-22)
2:22 Likewise, no one pours new wine into old wineskins. Otherwise, the wine will burst the skins, and both the wine and the skins are ruined. Rather, new wine is poured into fresh wineskins." (2:22)
Breaking and spreading31 Jesus cures a deaf man (7:31-37)
7:36 He ordered them not to tell anyone. But the more he ordered them not to, the more they proclaimed it.(7:36)
12 Pronouncement about the sabbath (2:23-28)
2:26 How he went into the house of God when Abiathar was high priest and ate the bread of offering that only the priests could lawfully eat, and shared it with his companions?" (2:26)
Giving a bread30 The Syrophoenician woman's faith (7:24-30)
7:28 She replied and said to him, "Lord, even the dogs under the table eat the children's scraps." (7:28)
13 The man with a withered hand (3:1-6)
3:4 Then he said to them, "Is it lawful to do good on the sabbath rather than to do evil, to save life rather than to destroy it?" But they remained silent. (3:4)
Significance of the law29 The tradition on the elders (7:1-23)
7:6 He responded, "Well did Isaiah prophesy about you hypocrites, as it is written: This people honors me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me; (7:6)
14 A multitude at the seaside (3:7-12)
3:10 He had cured many and, as a result, those who had diseases were pressing upon him to touch him. (3:10)
Healing for many people28 Healing the sick in Gennesaret (6:54-56)
6:55 They scurried about the surrounding country and began to bring in the sick on mats to wherever they heard he was. (6:55)
15 Jesus appoints the twelve (3:13-19)
3:13 He went up the mountain and summoned those whom he wanted and they came to him.(3:13)
Climbing a mountain27 Jesus walks on the water (6:45-53)
6:46 And when he had taken leave of them, he went off to the mountain to pray.(6:46)
16 Jesus and Beelzebul (3:20-30)
3:20 He came home. Again (the) crowd gathered, making it impossible for them even to eat.(3:20)
There is no time to eat26 Feeding the five thousand (6:30-44)
6:31 He said to them, "Come away by yourselves to a deserted place and rest a while." People were coming and going in great numbers, and they had no opportunity even to eat.(6:31)
17 The true kindred of Jesus (3:31-35)
3:31 His mother and his brothers arrived. Standing outside they sent word to him and called him. (3:31)
Mother's wish25 The death of John the Baptist (6:14-29)
6:24 She went out and said to her mother, "What shall I ask for?" She replied, "The head of John the Baptist." (6:24)
18 The parable of the sower (4:1-20)
the parable of sower
Missionary work24 The mission of the twelve (6:7-13)
6:12 So they went off and preached repentance. 6:13 They drove out many demons, and they anointed with oil many who were sick and cured them.(6:12-13)
19 The parables of the kingdom of God (4:21-34)
4:33 With many such parables he spoke the word to them as they were able to understand it. (4:33)
The power23 The rejection of Jesus at Nazareth (6:1-6)
6:5 So he was not able to perform any mighty deed there, apart from curing a few sick people by laying his hands on them.(6:5)
20 Jesus stills a storm (4:35-41)
4:40 Then he asked them, "Why are you terrified? Do you not yet have faith?"
Warning for unbelief22 A girl restored to life and a woman healed (5:21-43)
5:39"Why this commotion and weeping? The child is not dead but asleep." 5:40 And they ridiculed him.

2-2

41 Jesus again foretells his death and resurrection (9:30-32)
  42 Who is the greatest? (9:33-50)
    43 Teaching about divorce (10:1-12)
      44 Jesus blesses little children (10:13-16)
        45 The rich man (10:17-31)
          46 A third time Jesus foretells his death and resurrection (10:32-34)
            47 The request of James and John (10:35-45)
              48 The healing of blind Bartimaeus (10:46-52)
                49 Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem (11:1-11)
                  50 Jesus curses the fig tree (11:12-14)
                    51 Jesus cleanses the temple (11:15-19)
                      52 The lesson from the withered fig tree (11:20-26)
                        53 Jesus' authority is questioned (11:27-33)
                          54 The parable of the wicked tenants (12:1-12)
                            55 The question about paying taxes (12:13-17)
                              56 The question about the resurrection (12:18-27)
                                57 The first commandment (12:28-34)
                                  58 The question about David's son (12:35-37)
                                    59 Jesus denounces the scribes (12:38-40)
                                      60 The widow's offering (12:41-44)
                                        61 The destruction of the temple foretold (13:1-23)
                                      62 The desolating sacrilege (13:24-27)
                                    63 The lesson of the fig tree (13:28-31)
                                  64 The necessity of watchfulness (13:32-37)
                                65 The plot to kill Jesus (14:1-2)
                              66 The anointing at Bethany (14:3-9)
                            67 Judas agrees to betray Jesus (14:10-11)
                          68 The preparation for the Passover (14:12-16)
                        69 The Passover with the disciples (14:17-21)
                      70 The instructions of the Lord's supper (14:22-26)
                    71 Peter's denial foretold (14:27-31)
                  72 Jesus prays in Gethsemane (14:32-42)
                73 The betrayal and arrest of Jesus (14:43-52)
              74 Jesus before the council (14:53-65)
            75 Peter denies Jesus (14:66-72)
          76 Jesus before Pilate (15:1-5)
        77 Pilate hands Jesus over to be crucified (15:6-15)
      78 The crucifixion of Jesus (15:16-24)
    79 The death of Jesus (15:25-39)
  80 The burial of Jesus (15:40-47)
81 The resurrection of Jesus (16:1-8)
Former halfRelationLatter half
41 Jesus again foretells his death and resurrection (9:30-32)
9:31"The Son of Man is to be handed over to men and they will kill him, and three days after his death he will rise."
Death and resurrection81 The resurrection of Jesus (16:1-8)
16:6You seek Jesus of Nazareth, the crucified. He has been raised; he is not here.
41 Jesus again foretells his death and resurrection (9:30-32)
9:32 But they did not understand the saying, and they were afraid to question him.
Disciples are afraid81 The resurrection of Jesus (16:1-8)
16:8 Then they went out and fled from the tomb, seized with trembling and bewilderment. They said nothing to anyone, for they were afraid.
42 Who is the greatest? (9:33-50)
Anyone who gives you a cup of water to drink because you belong to Christ, amen, I say to you, will surely not lose his reward. (Mar 9:41 NAB)
Giving80 The burial of Jesus (15:40-47)
Having bought a linen cloth, he took him down, wrapped him in the linen cloth and laid him in a tomb that had been hewn out of the rock. Then he rolled a stone against the entrance to the tomb. (Mar 15:46 NAB)
43 Teaching about divorce (10:1-12)
10:8 and the two shall become one flesh.' So they are no longer two but one flesh. 10:9 Therefore what God has joined together, no human being must separate."
Divided in two79 The death of Jesus (15:25-39)
15:38 The veil of the sanctuary was torn in two from top to bottom.
44 Jesus blesses little children (10:13-16)
Let the children come to me; do not prevent them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. (Mar 10:14 NAB)
Kingdom78 The crucifixion of Jesus (15:16-24)
15:17 They clothed him in purple and, weaving a crown of thorns, placed it on him. 15:18 They began to salute him with, "Hail, King of the Jews!" 15:19 and kept striking his head with a reed and spitting upon him. They knelt before him in homage.
45 The rich man (10:17-31)
Amen, I say to you, there is no one who has given up house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or lands for my sake and for the sake of the gospel 10:30 who will not receive a hundred times more now in this present age: houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, with persecutions, and eternal life in the age to come. (Mar 10:29-30 NAB)
Persecution77 Pilate hands Jesus over to be crucified (15:6-15)
So Pilate, wishing to satisfy the crowd, released Barabbas to them and, after he had Jesus scourged, handed him over to be crucified. (Mar 15:15 NAB)
46 A third time Jesus foretells his death and resurrection (10:32-34)
the Son of Man will be handed over to the chief priests and the scribes, and they will condemn him to death and hand him over to the Gentiles (Mar 10:33 NAB)
Jesus is handed over76 Jesus before Pilate (15:1-5)
As soon as morning came, the chief priests with the elders and the scribes, that is, the whole Sanhedrin, held a council. They bound Jesus, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate. (Mar 15:1 NAB)
47 The request of James and John (10:35-45)
They answered him, "Grant that in your glory we may sit one at your right and the other at your left." (Mar 10:37 NAB)
Disciples' foolish words75 Peter denies Jesus (14:66-72)
He began to curse and to swear, "I do not know this man about whom you are talking." (Mar 14:71 NAB)
48 The healing of blind Bartimaeus (10:46-52)
Jesus, son of David, have pity on me. (Mar 10:47 NAB)
The son of man74 Jesus before the council (14:53-65)
Then Jesus answered, "I am; and you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the Power and coming with the clouds of heaven." (Mar 14:62 NAB)
49 Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem (11:1-11)
He entered Jerusalem and went into the temple area. He looked around at everything and, since it was already late, went out to Bethany with the Twelve. (Mar 11:11 NAB)
Twelve73 The betrayal and arrest of Jesus (14:43-52)
Then, while he was still speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, arrived, accompanied by a crowd with swords and clubs who had come from the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders. (Mar 14:43 NAB)
49 Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem (11:1-11)
Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! (Mar 11:9 NAB)
Fulfillment of the word of God73 The betrayal and arrest of Jesus (14:43-52)
but that the scriptures may be fulfilled. ( 14:49 )
50 Jesus curses the fig tree (11:12-14)
The next day as they were leaving Bethany he was hungry. (Mar 11:12 NAB)
Weakness of body72 Jesus prays in Gethsemane (14:32-42)
Watch and pray that you may not undergo the test. The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. (Mar 14:38 NAB)
51 Jesus cleanses the temple (11:15-19)
The chief priests and the scribes came to hear of it and were seeking a way to put him to death, yet they feared him because the whole crowd was astonished at his teaching. (Mar 11:18 NAB)
Sign of suffering71 Peter's denial foretold (14:27-31)
All of you will have your faith shaken, for it is written: 'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be dispersed. (Mar 14:27 NAB)
52 The lesson from the withered fig tree (11:20-26)
Amen, I say to you, whoever says to this mountain, Be lifted up and thrown into the sea, and does not doubt in his heart but believes that what he says will happen, it shall be done for him. (Mar 11:23 NAB)
Amen, I say to you70 The instructions of the Lord's supper (14:22-26)
Amen, I say to you, I shall not drink again the fruit of the vine until the day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God. (Mar 14:25 NAB)
53 Jesus' authority is questioned (11:27-33)
By what authority are you doing these things? Or who gave you this authority to do them? (Mar 11:28 NAB)
Who gives? (didwmi) / Who betrays? (paradidwmi)69 The Passover with the disciples (14:17-21)
Amen, I say to you, one of you will betray me, one who is eating with me." (Mar 14:18 NAB)
54 The parable of the wicked tenants (12:1-12)
At the proper time he sent a servant to the tenants to obtain from them some of the produce of the vineyard. (Mar 12:2 NAB)
Sending a messenger68 The preparation for the Passover (14:12-16)
He sent two of his disciples and said to them, (Mar 14:13 NAB)
55 The question about paying taxes (12:13-17)
12:17"Repay to Caesar what belongs to Caesar and to God what belongs to God.'
Money67 Judas agrees to betray Jesus (14:10-11)
14:11 When they heard him they were pleased and promised to pay him money.
56 The question about the resurrection (12:18-27)
12:27 He is not God of the dead but of the living.
Resurrection / death66 The anointing at Bethany (14:3-9)
14:8 She has done what she could. She has anticipated anointing my body for burial.
56 The question about the resurrection (12:18-27)
12:19'If someone's brother dies, leaving a wife but no child, his brother must take the wife and raise up descendants for his brother.'
Women66 The anointing at Bethany (14:3-9)
14:3 When he was in Bethany reclining at table in the house of Simon the leper, a woman came with an alabaster jar of perfumed oil, costly genuine spikenard. She broke the alabaster jar and poured it on his head.
57 The first commandment (12:28-34)
12:34 And when Jesus saw that (he) answered with understanding, he said to him, "You are not far from the kingdom of God." And no one dared to ask him any more questions.
Understanding / lack of understanding of scribes65 The plot to kill Jesus (14:1-2)
14:1The Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread were to take place in two days time. So the chief priests and the scribes were seeking a way to arrest him by treachery and put him to death.
58 The question about David's son (12:35-37)
12:36until I place your enemies under your feet."'
The time of Messiah will come64 The necessity of watchfulness (13:32-37)
Watch, therefore; you do not know when the lord of the house is coming, whether in the evening, or at midnight, or at cockcrow, or in the morning. (Mar 13:35 NAB)
59 Jesus denounces the scribes (12:38-40)
12:40 They will receive a very severe condemnation.
The time of judgment63 The lesson of the fig tree (13:28-31)
In the same way, when you see these things happening, know that he is near, at the gates. (Mar 13:29 NAB)
60 The widow's offering (12:41-44)
12:43 Calling his disciples to himself, he said to them, "Amen, I say to you, this poor widow put in more than all the other contributors to the treasury. (12:43)
Person who is called and gathered62 The desolating sacrilege (13:24-27)
13:27 and then he will send out the angels and gather (his) elect from the four winds, from the end of the earth to the end of the sky. (13:27)

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